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Journal ArticleDOI

Fiber sensor for the simultaneous measurement of current and voltage in a high-voltage system

01 Mar 1993-Applied Optics (Optical Society of America)-Vol. 32, Iss: 7, pp 1225-1228
TL;DR: Experimental results from a laboratory model demonstrate the feasibility of the sensor for field application in high-voltage systems and the piezoelectric effect for the voltage and the magnetic stress for the current.
Abstract: A sensor employing a single monomode low-birefringence fiber, excited with a 632.8-nm He–Ne laser, has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of current and voltage in an energy system. The piezoelectric effect for the voltage and the magnetic stress for the current are utilized. The current and voltage signals are separated at the detector end by suitable self-tracking tuned filters. Experimental results from a laboratory model demonstrate the feasibility of the sensor for field application in high-voltage systems.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the response of optical fiber current sensors that are subjected to high electric fields, such as fields encountered in gas-insulated systems, is analyzed, and it is shown that through the electrooptic (EO) Kerr effect, these fields can cause harmonic distortion of the measured ac current waveform.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the response of optical fiber current sensors that are subjected to high electric fields, such as fields encountered in gas-insulated systems. This paper shows that through the electrooptic (EO) Kerr effect, these fields can cause harmonic distortion of the measured ac current waveform. This harmonic distortion was confirmed experimentally. Also, this paper shows that it is possible to simultaneously measure both current and voltage waveforms and the phase between them using this effect. To minimize the electrooptic Kerr effect, optical fiber current sensors must be screened from high-electric fields.

35 citations


Cites background or methods from "Fiber sensor for the simultaneous m..."

  • ...simultaneous measurement of voltage and current, using the EO Kerr effect or Pockels effect, has been previously shown [24]–[26]....

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  • ...element [24], or a modified Sagnac interferometer with bulk elements [25]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An optical fiber sensor is presented that allows current and voltage to be measured simultaneously by use of only one block of bismuth germanate crystal and allows measurement of electric power.
Abstract: An optical fiber sensor is presented that allows current and voltage to be measured simultaneously by use of only one block of bismuth germanate crystal. The polarized light from the sensing crystal is split into two light beams: One beam is utilized for current measurement based on the Faraday effect, and the other one is utilized for voltage measurement based on the Pockels effect. Compared with the existing optical sensors that can measure current and voltage simultaneously, this sensor is simple and inexpensive and allows measurement of electric power. The simultaneous measurements of ac electric current from 0.05 to 10 A, voltage from 1 to 235 V, and power from 2 to 1000 W have been achieved with good linear-response characteristics. The input characteristics and measurement uncertainties that are due to the nonlinear error of the sensing system are also discussed.

29 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-voltage sensor was developed by driving optical fibre Bragg gratings, mechanically fixed along the radial direction, with a conventional piezoelectric disc.
Abstract: A high-voltage sensor was developed by driving optical fibre Bragg gratings, mechanically fixed along the radial direction, with a conventional piezoelectric disc. A wavelength shift modulation is obtained as a result of the converse piezoelectric effect. The measured output signal is linear. The voltage upper limit depends on the type and thickness of the piezoceramic. A sensor built with a disc of piezoelectric PZT-4 type, 6.33 mm thick, has a dynamic range of 6.33 kVrms, a sensitivity of ~0.108 mVp-p kV-1rms, and a resolution of ~0.15 kVrms, at 60 Hz. Changing the piezoelectric dimensions may enhance the sensitivity and resolution of the high-voltage sensor.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an optical electric-power sensor is presented that allows active and apparent powers to be measured simultaneously using one block of bismuth germanate (Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/) crystal as sensing element, which exhibits both the Faraday effect and the Pockels effect.
Abstract: An optical electric-power sensor is presented that allows active and apparent powers to be measured simultaneously using one block of bismuth germanate (Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/) crystal as sensing element, which exhibits both the Faraday effect and the Pockels effect. It is based on the fact that the polarization-related intensity of the light wave passing through the crystal can be modulated by the product signal of applied electric and magnetic fields. When load current and voltage are simultaneously applied to the sensing crystal, the instantaneous electric power signal can be directly obtained from the intensity-modulated light wave. The simultaneous measurements of active power and apparent power, as well as the direction of power flow, have been carried out in experiments. Measurement uncertainty is theoretically analyzed. The potential applications of the proposed optical electric-power sensor are also discussed.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an optical sensor is proposed which can perform the simultaneous measurements of voltage and current through single light path, which makes use of an electrically switchable quarter waveplate to produce an alternating polarized light whose state of polarization alternately changes between linear and circular polarizations.
Abstract: An optical sensor is proposed which can perform the simultaneous measurements of voltage and current through single light path. This novel optical sensor makes use of an electrically switchable quarter waveplate to produce an alternating polarized light whose state of polarization alternately changes between linear and circular polarizations. By the use of the alternately polarized light and polarization multiplexing, we can simultaneously measure ac voltage and ac current through single light path. In addition, the output voltage and current sensing signals are free from the fluctuation of light intensity and have an enhanced immunity to electromagnetic interference due to the application of square wave modulation and lock-in amplification. The ac voltage and ac current with industrial frequency have been experimentally measured with good linearity within the ranges of 0.2–235 V and 0.05–10 A.

14 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The importance of photoelastic effect in controlling polarization in optical fibers is discussed in this article, where measurements of the stress-optic coefficient, its dispersion, and temperature dependence are reported using a fiber measurement method.
Abstract: The importance of the photoelastic effect in controlling polarization in optical fibers is discussed. Measurements of the stress-optic coefficient, its dispersion, and temperature dependence are reported using a fiber measurement method. The results compare closely to data obtained for bulk silica by an extrapolation technique. It is shown that the dispersion of the stress-optic coefficient can have a significant effect on the performance of birefringent fibers and of fiber birefringent devices. Furthermore, the temperature dependence is sufficiently large to be troublesome in fiber sensors.

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the principle, temperature and frequency characteristics of fiber-optic voltage sensors and magnetic field sensors are reported, along with the results of an aging test on these sensors.
Abstract: The principle, temperature characteristics, and frequency characteristics of fiber-optic voltage sensors and magnetic field sensors are reported, along with the results of an aging test on these sensors. The fiber-optic voltage sensor utilizes the "Pockels" effect of Bi12SiO20 single crystal and the fiber-optic magnetic-field sensor utilizes the "Faraday" effect of ZnSe polycrystal and Bi12SiO20 single crystal. The basic performance of these sensors has been investigated from the perspective of their use as parts in electrical apparatuses. In addition, in this paper some practical applications in electrical substations and transmission lines are presented. These include a fault section detecting system for gas insulated transmission line (GIL), an optical voltage transformer and optical current transformer which are embedded in gas insulated switchgear (GIS), and a surge voltage receiving system.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
M. Kanoe1, G. Takahashi1, Tadashi Sato1, M. Higaki1, Mori Etsunori1, Kiyoshi Okumura1 
TL;DR: In this article, an optical voltage and current measuring system based on the electrooptic effect in bismuth germanium oxide Bi4Ge3O12 and magneto-optic effects of borosilicate crown glass for the purpose of utilization in electric power systems was developed.
Abstract: Recently, optical voltage and current measuring methods based on a principle different from that of the existing apparatus have been developed. As the most promising method among them, a voltage measuring method which uses an electrooptic effect called the Pockels effect and a current measuring method which uses a magnetooptic effect called the Faraday effect have been proposed. The authors have developed an optical voltage measuring system based on the electrooptic effect in bismuth germanium oxide Bi4Ge3O12 and a current measuring system based on the magnetooptic effect of borosilicate crown glass for the purpose of utilization in electric power systems. As a result of the development, high accurate voltage and current measuring systems such as non linearity error less than ±0.4% and temperature stability less than ±1.0% were obtained. Furthermore, short-circuit current was measured with the current measuring system, and an accuracy within 0 to -4% in the range of 30 kApeak to 150 kApeak was obtained. When the measuring systems were mounted on the model of 70 kV class gas insulated switchgears, it was verified that the measuring systems had satisfactory linearity and temperature stability.

80 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basic principles of optical methods for measuring voltage and current at high voltage are presented in this paper, including the magneto-optic effect, the electroelectrical effect and the electrogyration effect, plus various detection and noise reduction techniques.
Abstract: The basic principles of optical methods for measuring voltage and current at high voltage are presented. These include the magneto-optic effect, the electro-optic effect and the electrogyration effect, plus various detection and noise reduction techniques. Both free path and enclosed path devices which have been constructed on these principles are described. The viability of these devices for the electricity supply industry is assessed.

57 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of birefringence induced in a singlemode fiber by a lateral force has been applied to measure the absolute value of force or pressure with high resolution.
Abstract: The effect of birefringence induced in a single-mode fiber by a lateral force has been applied to measure the absolute value of force or pressure with high resolution. A sensor configuration with an extended detecting surface has been investigated by means of calibrated weights. The sensor is sensitive to an incremental force of 2 × 10−3 N, independently of the length of the fiber. The maximum force applied was 10 N/m of fiber length.

33 citations

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Experimental results from a laboratory model demonstrate the feasibility of the sensor for field application in high-voltage systems.