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Journal ArticleDOI

Fibre calorimeters: Dense, fast, radiation resistant

TL;DR: The Omega Inner Calorimeter as mentioned in this paper is a dense electromagnetic calorimeter made of scintillating fibres embedded in grooved Pb sheets or similar configuration, which is entering its third year of successful operation.
Abstract: Dense electromagnetic calorimeters made of scintillating fibres embedded in grooved Pb sheets or similar configuration are described. The Omega Inner Calorimeter is entering its third year of successful operation. Some future prospects are discussed.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the backward region of the H1 detector has been upgraded in order to provide improved measurement of the scattered electron in deep inelastic scattering events, and the centerpiece of the upgrade is a high-resolution lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeter.
Abstract: The backward region of the H1 detector has been upgraded in order to provide improved measurement of the scattered electron in deep inelastic scattering events. The centerpiece of the upgrade is a high-resolution lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeter. The main design goals of the calorimeter are: good coverage of the region close to the beam pipe, high angular resolution and energy resolution of better than 2% for 30 GeV electrons. The calorimeter should be capable of providing coarse hadronic energy measurement and precise time information to suppress out-of-time background events at the first trigger level. It must be compact due to space restrictions. These requirements were fulfilled by constructing two separate calorimeter sections. The inner electromagnetic section is made of 0.5 mm scintillating plastic fibres embedded in a lead matrix. Its lead-to-fibre ratio is 2.3:1 by volume. The outer hadronic section consists of 1.0 mm diameter fibres with a lead-to-fibre ratio of 3.4:1. The mechanical construction of the new calorimeter and its assembly in the H1 detector are described.

159 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, prototypes for a new type of calorimeter, intended for the detection of both electromagnetic (em) and hadronic showers, muons and missing energy (eg neutrinos) at high-luminosity multi-TeV pp colliders, were tested.
Abstract: In the framework of the LAA project, prototypes for a new type of calorimeter, intended for the detection of both electromagnetic (em) and hadronic showers, muons and missing energy (eg neutrinos) at high-luminosity multi-TeV pp colliders, were tested The detector consists of scintillating plastic fibres embedded in a lead matrix at a volume ratio 1:4, such as to achieve compensation The optimization of the construction of the detector modules is described, as well as the performance concerning em shower and muon detection and e/π separation We used electron, pion and muon beams in the energy range 10–150 GeV for this purpose For the energy resolution of electrons we found 13%/trE, with a constant term of 1% The signal uniformity was better than 3% over the total surface of projective modules The signal linearity for em shower detection was better than 1%, and the e/π separation was better than 5 × 10−4 for isolated particles Channeling effects are negligible, provided that the angle between the incoming particles and the fibre axis is larger than 2°

76 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the average resolution of these detectors is determined to be σ/E ≈ 6.3%/√E (GeV) using a 300-element array of such modules.
Abstract: Electromagnetic calorimeter modules based on a uniform array of plastic scintillating fibers embedded in a lead alloy have been built and tested. Techniques have been developed to assemble large volumes of this composite material and to machine it into the tapered trapezoidal modules appropriate for modern, hermetically-sealed calorimeters with pointing geometry. Using this technique, a 300-element array of such modules has been built and instrumented. Prototypes and subsets of the larger array have been tested in electron and photon beams ranging in energy from 0.035 to 5.0 GeV. Improvements in fiber characteristics, assembly procedures, and geometrical optimization have led to substantial performance gains over previous similar detectors. The average resolution of these detectors is determined to be σ/E ≈ 6.3%/√E (GeV). The techniques of fabrication and the detector tests are described.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results of beam tests with high-energy (8-375 GeV) electrons, pions, protons and muons of a sampling calorimeter based on the detection of Cherenkov light produced by shower particles are presented.
Abstract: We present the results of beam tests with high-energy (8–375 GeV) electrons, pions, protons and muons of a sampling calorimeter based on the detection of Cherenkov light produced by shower particles. The detector, a prototype for the very forward calorimeters in the CMS experiment, consists of thin quartz fibers embedded in a copper matrix. Results are given on the light yield of this device, on its energy resolution for electron and hadron detection, and on the signal uniformity and linearity. The signal generation mechanism gives this type of detector unique properties, especially for the detection of hadron showers: narrow, shallow shower profiles and extremely fast signals. These specific properties were measured in detail. The implications for measurements in the high-rate, high-radiation Large Hadron Collider (LHC) environment are discussed.

42 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Scintillation counters (SCs) based on organic plastic scintillators (OPSs) are widely used in modern high-energy physics (HEP) experiments as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Scintillation counters (SCs) based on organic plastic scintillators (OPSs) are widely used in modern high-energy physics (HEP) experiments. A comprehensive review is given to technologies for production of OPS strips and tiles (extrusion, injection molding, etc.), optical and physical characteristics of OPSs, and methods of light collection based on the use of wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers coupled to multipixel vacuum and silicon PMs. Examples are given of the use of SCs in modern experiments involved in the search for quarks and new particles, including the Higgs boson (D0, CDF, ATLAS, CMS), new states of matter (ALICE), CP violation (LHCb, KLOE), neutrino oscillations (MINOS, OPERA), and cosmic particles in a wide mass and energy interval (AMS-02). Scintillation counters hold great promise for future HEP experiments (at the ILC, NICA, FAIR) due to properties of a high segmentation, WLS fiber light collection, and multipixel silicon PMT readout.

31 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
H. Burmeister1, P. Sonderegger1, J. M. Gago, A. Maio, M. Pimenta, D. Perrin, J.C. Thévenin 
TL;DR: In this article, a small calorimeter element made of planes of 0.9 mm diameter fibres alternating with Pb plates has been built and tested in an electron beam, achieving an energy resolution of σE/√E⋍9.8 and 7.8% respectively.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a feasibility study of such fibres at the Departement de Physique des Particules Elementaires de Saclay (DPEE) were presented.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new technique using liquid scintillator contained in teflon tubes to build a low cost high spatial resolution electromagnetic sampling calorimeter is described in this paper, where test results and comparison with a Monte Carlo simulation are presented.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
H. Blumenfeld, M. Bourdinaud, H. Burmeister1, R. Cester, P. Checchia, G. Zumerle 
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of scintillating fibers allows new compact structures for calorimetry, and the construction of a prototype module designed and built at Saclay is described.

10 citations

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