Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in cancer: FGF traps as a new therapeutic approach.
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...of the FGF family drives the activation of autocrine/paracrine loops of stimulation in cancer and stromal cells [10,124]....
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...both tumor cells and stromal microenvironment through autocrine and paracrine loops of stimulation [10,124]....
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References
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"Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in..." refers background in this paper
...Moreover, TAMs and MDSCs release proteases (e.g. cathepsin and MMP9) that support angiogenesis by freeing ECM-bound growth factors, such as FGF2 and VEGF-A, and by inducing ECM remodeling, thus promoting tumor cell invasion (Quail & Joyce, 2013)....
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...Fibroblasts are prominent modifiers of cancer progression and increasing evidence indicate that a subpopulation of fibroblasts, the so-called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), are important promoters of tumor growth and progression (Kalluri & Zeisberg, 2006)....
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...A screening performed on 210 human cancers to detect somatic mutations in the coding exons of 518 protein kinase genes revealed that several components of the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway are frequently altered by non-synonymous mutations (Greenman et al., 2007; Greulich & Pollock, 2011)....
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"Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in..." refers background in this paper
...…to note that several FGF genes are clustered within the human genome: FGF3, FGF4 and FGF19 are separated on chromosome 11q13 by only 40 and 10 kb, respectively; FGF6 and FGF23 are located within 55 kb on chromosome 12p13; and FGF17 and FGF20 map to chromosome 8p21-p22 (Ornitz & Itoh, 2001)....
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