Fibroblast growth factors, their receptors and signaling.
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TLDR
FGF signaling also appears to play a role in tumor growth and angiogenesis, and autocrine FGF signaling may be particularly important in the progression of steroid hormone-dependent cancers to a hormone-independent state.Abstract:
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are small polypeptide growth factors, all of whom share in common certain structural characteristics, and most of whom bind heparin avidly. Many FGFs contain signal peptides for secretion and are secreted into the extracellular environment, where theycan bind to the heparan-like glycosaminoglycans (HLGAGs) of the extracellular matrix (ECM). From this reservoir, FGFs mayact directlyon target cells, or theycan be released through digestion of the ECM or the activityof a carrier protein, a secreted FGF binding protein. FGFs bind specific receptor tyrosine kinases in the context of HLGAGs and this binding induces receptor dimerization and activation, ultimatelyresulting in the activation of various signal transduction cascades. Some FGFs are potent angiogenic factors and most playimportant roles in embry onic development and wound healing. FGF signaling also appears to playa role in tumor growth and angiogenesis, and autocrine FGF signaling maybe particularlyimportant in the progression of steroid hormone-dependent cancers to a hormone-independent state.read more
Citations
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Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that pre-gastrula FGF signalling is required in the ectoderm for the emergence of neural fates, and re-evaluate in the context of the whole embryo the roles of the BMP and FGF pathways during neural induction in Xenopus reveals that in contrast to predictions from the default model, BMP inhibition is required but not sufficient for Neural induction in vivo.
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Different thresholds of fibroblast growth factors pattern the ventral foregut into liver and lung.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that a concentration threshold of FGFs emanating from the cardiac mesoderm are involved in patterning the foregut endoderm.
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Interaction of chondrocytes, extracellular matrix and growth factors: relevance for articular cartilage tissue engineering.
TL;DR: The role of the extracellular matrix in the regulation of chondrocyte function and the relevance for cartilage tissue engineering is discussed in this article, where structural matrix macromolecules (e.g. collagen, hyaluronate), but also growth factors (eg. IGF-I, TGF β) entrapped in the matrix and released under specific conditions affect chondroglyte behavior.
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Fibroblast growth factor 23 impairs phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism in vivo and suppresses 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase expression in vitro
TL;DR: Novel findings provide evidence that FGF-23 directly regulates renal 1alpha-hydroxylase gene expression via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors in Carcinogenesis
TL;DR: An overview of the main FGFR alterations described in human cancer to date is given and their contribution to cancer progression is discussed.
References
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Cell surface, heparin-like molecules are required for binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to its high affinity receptor.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that free heparin and heparan sulfate can reconstitute a low affinity receptor that is, in turn, required for the high affinity binding of bFGF.
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Protein modules and signalling networks
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Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.
TL;DR: Electron microscopic examination of the corneal neovascularization of thalidomide-treated rabbits revealed specific ultrastructural changes similar to those seen in the deformed limb bud vasculature of Thalidomid-treated embryos.
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Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family.
David M. Ornitz,Jingsong Xu,Jennifer S. Colvin,Donald G. McEwen,Craig A. MacArthur,François Coulier,Guangxia Gao,Mitchell Goldfarb +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that FGF 1 is the only FGF that can activate all FGF receptor splice variants and the relative activity of all the other members of the FGF family is determined.