Field study of noise‐induced sleep disturbance
01 Aug 1995-Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (Acoustical Society of America)-Vol. 98, Iss: 2, pp 1025-1033
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that sound exposure levels of individual noise intrusions were much more closely associated with awakenings than long-term noise exposure levels, and the slope of the relationship between awakening and sound exposure level was rather shallow.
Abstract: Behaviorally confirmed awakenings were recorded during nighttime hours for periods of approximately one month in 45 homes of 82 test participants. Measurements of awakening and of both indoor and outdoor noise exposure were made for a total of 632 subject nights near a military airfield, 783 subject nights near a civil airport, and 472 subject nights in neighborhoods with community noise exposure of nonaircraft origin. Sound exposure levels of individual noise intrusions were much more closely associated with awakenings than long‐term noise exposure levels. The slope of the relationship between awakening and sound exposure level was rather shallow, however. Although the present findings do not resemble those of laboratory studies of noise‐induced sleep interference, they are in good agreement with the results of other field studies.
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20 Sep 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an optimization technique which is capable of minimizing the noise impact of an arriving aircraft by optimizing its flight trajectory, which is based on a set of independent state variables chosen to be parameterized with Bernstein polynomials.
Abstract: This work concentrates on the development of an optimization technique which is capable of minimizing the noise impact of an arriving aircraft by optimizing its flight trajectory. Actions needed from pilots to gradually establish the landing configuration are considered because it is expected that the pilot workload throughout this phase should be remained or even reduced compared with the current standard arrival procedures. Therefore, the conventional point-mass equations of motion are reformulated in such a way that the variations of the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft of different configurations can be easily taken into account. A set of independent state variables are chosen to be parameterized with Bernstein polynomials in order to convert the infinite-dimensional optimal control problem into a finite-dimensional parametric optimization problem. The number of awakenings is selected as the performance index and finally written into a function of the parameters introduced by the parameterization process. Genetic algorithms are employed to optimize these parameters within a search domain in order to minimize the number of awakenings while satisfying all constraints on both state and control variables. A number of numerical examples, for a Boeing 747-400 aircraft arriving at an airport with different population distribution situations, are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique. Without loss of generality, this particular technique is also able to deal with a departing aircraft since most of the models are built into replaceable modules.
4 citations
TL;DR: A re‐analysis of original data from one of the field studies generalizes the dose‐response relationships between a single event noise metric and an awakening response and accounts for person‐to‐person variation in awakening sensitivity to noise.
Abstract: The acoustics literature documents several field studies in which aircraft noise was measured in people’s bedrooms while their awakening response was simultaneously monitored. Nearly all the studies produced a dose‐response relationship between a single event noise metric and an awakening response. Virtually all of these dose‐response relationships pertain to (1) the indoor noise dose produced by a single aircraft flyover and (2) the chances that the noise dose will awaken an average person. These dose‐response relationships are too limited for application to a full night of operations and to a realistic population of varying individual sensitivities to awakening. Accounting for multiple aircraft during the night is obviously necessary. Less obvious, but important is the need to account for person‐to‐person variation in awakening sensitivity to noise. This paper presents a re‐analysis of original data from one of the field studies. The re‐analysis generalizes the dose‐response relationships for behavioral...
3 citations
01 Jul 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the potential environmental impacts associated with the Proposed Action and the No Action Alternative are analyzed, and the following conclusion provides details of expected impacts if the proposed Action is implemented: As indicated in the Environmental Assessment for the Recapitalization of the 49th FW Combat Capabilities and Capacities for Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico (which is hereby incorporated by reference).
Abstract: : The Proposed Action would relocate two F-16 training squadrons with 50 Primary Aircraft Inventory (PAI) and six Backup Aircraft Inventory (BAI) aircraft to Holloman AFB in two phases. The F-16 training mission would renovate vacant or underused facilities. New construction for the F-16 mission would disturb about 12 acres in previously developed areas. Construction projects include 19 proposed Operations and Maintenance (O&M) projects and nine Military Construction (MILCON) projects. Personnel changes as Holloman AFB transitions from the F-22 to the F-16 training mission would result in a net increase of 142 personnel and 312 dependents. Annual airfield operations would increase to 101,966 operations from 91,366 operations. The F-16 training mission would use existing training airspace currently used by the F-22 mission, including the restricted airspace and air-to-ground bombing ranges on White Sands Missile Range and McGregor Range of Fort Bliss. The Roswell International Air Center (RIAC) has been proposed as an auxiliary airfield to accommodate about 8,960 annual airfield operations from the P-16 training mission. This Environmental Assessment (EA) provides an analysis of the potential environmental impacts associated with the Proposed Action and the No Action Alternative. Thirteen resource areas near Holloman AFB and ten under the training airspace received a thorough evaluation to identify potential environmental consequences. As indicated in the Environmental Assessment for the Recapitalization of the 49th FW Combat Capabilities and Capacities for Holloman Air Force Base (AFB), New Mexico (which is hereby incorporated by reference), neither the Proposed Action nor the No Action Alternative would result in significant environmental impacts on any resource area. The following conclusion provides details of expected impacts if the Proposed Action is implemented.
3 citations
TL;DR: The use of motility as a measure of effect has been rejected in the USA as mentioned in this paper, while the European Union (EU) has concentrated on motility (body movements while asleep) as their major measure of influence.
Abstract: 1-8 “Behavioral awakenings” means that the individual is awake enough to press a button, and behavioral awakening is the sole measure of effect in American National Standards on this topic. In contrast, the European Union (EU) has concentrated on motility (body movements while asleep) as their major measure of effect. The use of motility as a measure of effect has been rejected in the USA. Imagine telling a judge or planning body, “These increases in noise will cause twenty percent of the
3 citations
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