Film Properties, Water Retention, and Growth Promotion of Derivative Carboxymethyl Cellulose Materials from Cotton Straw
TL;DR: In this paper, three kinds of derivative carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) materials, CMC-Na, K, and N4, were prepared from cotton straw fiber and their chemical structure, film morphology, water retention, biodegradability, and growth promotion were investigated with infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and field experiments.
Abstract: Three kinds of derivative carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) materials, CMC-Na, CMC-K, and CMC-NH4, were prepared from cotton straw fiber. Their chemical structure, film morphology, water retention, biodegradability, and growth promotion were investigated with infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and field experiments. The results showed that the infrared absorption peaks of the three materials were similar. It was observed that the DCMC materials could form films after being sprayed at the amount of 4.00 g/m2 and 12.00 g/m2, and the film thickness was showed in the order of CMC-K, CMC-NH4, and CMC-Na. The largest water holding capacity increased significantly after DCMC was sprayed on the soil. The water retention of CMC-Na, CMC-K, and CMC-NH4 increased by 47.74%, 72.85%, and 61.40% severally while sprayed with 12.00 g/m2 compared to the control group (CK), and the water retention rate increased with 6.93, 9.75, and 8.67 times, respectively, on the seventh day. The total number of soil microorganisms increased with the DCMC materials being sprayed; the number in the upper layer increased by 92.31%, 123.08%, and 138.46%, respectively, compared with CK. When the three materials were used to the cornfield at the amount of 100.00 kg/hm2, the corn yield increased by 33.11%, 70.93%, and 50.60%, respectively. The DCMC materials, as the sole carbon source, could be degraded by soil microorganisms. The nutrient elements such as NH4+ in the materials could further promote the growth of microorganisms and crops. This study might provide a new way to apply straw-based DCMC in soil water retention, soil amendment, and high value-added transformation of straws in arid areas.
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TL;DR: In this article, a semi-permanent water-based release agent for molding engineering plastics via a rotational molding process was formulated and the main functions of the produced release agent include allowing the resin to become attached to the mold wall during the initial heating phase of the molding cycle, ensuring that the fully molten skin of the rotomoulded part remains in close contact with the mould wall throughout the heating cycle.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a semi-permanent water-based release agent for molding engineering plastics via a rotational molding process was formulated and the main functions of the produced release agent include allowing the resin to become attached to the mold wall during the initial heating phase of the molding cycle, ensuring that the fully molten skin of the rotomoulded part remains in close contact with the mould wall throughout the heating cycle.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , cellulose, an abundant biopolymer, is investigated for its potential to modify geotechnical properties favourably, and the results indicate that unconfined compression strength (UCS) increased by 76.7% with 0.5% NaCMC treated soil after 28 days.
Abstract: The construction industry remains a significant contributor to global carbon emissions. Several sustainable alternatives have emerged to overcome this issue in geotechnical engineering. In this study, cellulose, an abundant biopolymer, is investigated for its potential to modify geotechnical properties favourably. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) is an anionic ether derivative of natural cellulose with good binding and moisture-retaining capacity. Experimental investigations were conducted on organic silt stabilized with 0.25% to 1.00% NaCMC, and the results indicate that unconfined compression strength (UCS) increased by 76.7% with 0.5% NaCMC treated soil after 28 days. Hydraulic conductivity (HC) of the 0.5% NaCMC treated soil decreased by 91.7% after 28 days, and the additives suppressed the compression index of the soil by 50%. The California bearing ratio (CBR) test indicated that the additive improved the subgrade strength by 33.2%, improving it from very poor to a fair sub-grade material. Microstructural analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemical investigation using x-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that NaCMC’s interaction with soil did not form any new chemical compounds. However, the viscous nature of the material formed fibrous threads that bind the soil to enhance the geotechnical properties, establishing itself as a prominent stabilizer for ground improvement applications.
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TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
TL;DR: Bacterial cellulose (BC), a microbial polysaccharide, has significant potential as a food ingredient in view of its high purity, in situ change of flavor and color, and having the ability to form various shapes and textures as mentioned in this paper.
431 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the concentration and temperature dependences of viscosity of CMC solution were investigated through measurements, and the effect of glycerin, mechanical shearing and several electrolytes on the CMC solutions were also determined.
Abstract: Through viscosity measurements, concentration and temperature dependences of viscosity of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution were recorded. Effects of glycerin, mechanical shearing and several electrolytes on the CMC solution were also determined. Results showed that the viscosity dependence on concentration obeyed the Huggins and Kramer equation, the dependence on temperature complied with the Arrhenius equation. CMC chain could synergize with glycerin, konjac glucomannan (KGM), and aluminum sulfate 18-hydrate. Sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and calcium dichloride reduced the viscosity of the CMC solution. By suggesting the ion-binding and hydrogen bond as the major form of the electrostatic interaction in the CMC solution, the synergistic and pseudoplastic phenomena as well as the maximum over stirring time were reasonably explained.
174 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) treatment of furrow irrigation water to remove several categories of microorganisms in the inflow and runoA.
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