Final Version of 2009 AJCC Melanoma Staging and Classification
Charles M. Balch,Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,Seng-Jaw Soong,John F. Thompson,Michael B. Atkins,David R. Byrd,Antonio C. Buzaid,Alistair J. Cochran,Daniel G. Coit,Shouluan Ding,Alexander M.M. Eggermont,Keith T. Flaherty,Phyllis A. Gimotty,John M. Kirkwood,Kelly M. McMasters,Martin C. Mihm,Donald L. Morton,Merrick I. Ross,Arthur J. Sober,Vernon K. Sondak +19 more
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TLDR
Revised melanoma staging system has been made that reflect the improved understanding of this disease and will be formally incorporated into the seventh edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and implemented by early 2010.Abstract:
Purpose To revise the staging system for cutaneous melanoma on the basis of data from an expanded American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Melanoma Staging Database. Methods The melanoma staging recommendations were made on the basis of a multivariate analysis of 30,946 patients with stages I, II, and III melanoma and 7,972 patients with stage IV melanoma to revise and clarify TNM classifications and stage grouping criteria. Results Findings and new definitions include the following: (1) in patients with localized melanoma, tumor thickness, mitotic rate (histologically defined as mitoses/mm 2 ), and ulceration were the most dominant prognostic factors. (2) Mitotic rate replaces level of invasion as a primary criterion for defining T1b melanomas. (3) Among the 3,307 patients with regional metastases, components that defined the N category were the number of metastatic nodes, tumor burden, and ulceration of the primary melanoma. (4) For staging purposes, all patients with microscopic nodal metastases, regardless of extent of tumor burden, are classified as stage III. Micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry are specifically included. (5) On the basis of a multivariate analysis of patients with distant metastases, the two dominant components in defining the M category continue to be the site of distant metastases (nonvisceral v lung v all other visceral metastatic sites) and an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level.read more
Citations
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Improved Survival with Vemurafenib in Melanoma with BRAF V600E Mutation
Paul B. Chapman,Axel Hauschild,Caroline Robert,John B. A. G. Haanen,Paolo A. Ascierto,James Larkin,Reinhard Dummer,Claus Garbe,Alessandro Testori,Michele Maio,David W. Hogg,Paul Lorigan,Céleste Lebbé,Thomas Jouary,Dirk Schadendorf,Antoni Ribas,Jeffrey A. Sosman,John M. Kirkwood,Brigitte Dréno,K. B. Nolop,Jiang Li,B. Nelson,Jeannie Hou,Richard J. Lee,Keith T. Flaherty,Grant A. McArthur +25 more
TL;DR: Vemurafenib produced improved rates of overall and progression-free survival in patients with previously untreated melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation in a phase 3 randomized clinical trial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ipilimumab plus Dacarbazine for Previously Untreated Metastatic Melanoma
Caroline Robert,Luc Thomas,Igor Bondarenko,Steven J. O'Day,Jeffrey S. Weber,Claus Garbe,Céleste Lebbé,Jean Francois Baurain,Alessandro Testori,Jean-Jacques Grob,Neville Davidson,Jon M. Richards,Michele Maio,Axel Hauschild,Wilson H. Miller,Pere Gascón,Michal Lotem,Kaan Harmankaya,Ramy Ibrahim,Stephen Francis,Tai-Tsang Chen,R. Humphrey,Axel Hoos,Jedd D. Wolchok +23 more
TL;DR: Ipilimumab (at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram) in combination with dacarbazine, as compared with dACarbazine plus placebo, improved overall survival in patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic Classification of Cutaneous Melanoma
Rehan Akbani,Kadir C. Akdemir,B. Arman Aksoy,Monique Albert,Adrian Ally,Samirkumar B. Amin,Harindra Arachchi,Arshi Arora,J. Todd Auman,Brenda Ayala,Julien Baboud,Miruna Balasundaram,Saianand Balu,Nandita Barnabas,John M. S. Bartlett,Pam Bartlett,Boris C. Bastian,Stephen B. Baylin,Madhusmita Behera,Dmitry Belyaev,Christopher C. Benz,Brady Bernard,Rameen Beroukhim,Natalie Bir,Aaron D. Black,Tom Bodenheimer,Lori Boice,Genevieve M. Boland,Riccardo Bono,Moiz S. Bootwalla,Marcus Bosenberg,Jay Bowen,Reanne Bowlby,Christopher A. Bristow,Laura Brockway-Lunardi,Denise Brooks,Jakub Brzezinski,Wiam Bshara,Elizabeth Buda,William R. Burns,Yaron S.N. Butterfield,Michael Button,Tiffany L. Calderone,Giancarlo Antonini Cappellini,Candace D. Carter,Scott L. Carter,Lynn Cherney,Andrew D. Cherniack,Aaron Chevalier,Lynda Chin,Juok Cho,Raymond J. Cho,Yoon La Choi,Andy Chu,Sudha Chudamani,Kristian Cibulskis,Giovanni Ciriello,Amanda Clarke,Stephen Coons,Leslie Cope,Daniel Crain,Erin Curley,Ludmila Danilova,Stefania D'Atri,Tanja Davidsen,Michael A. Davies,Keith A. Delman,John A. Demchok,Qixia A. Deng,Yonathan Lissanu Deribe,Noreen Dhalla,Rajiv Dhir,Daniel DiCara,Michael Dinikin,Michael Dubina,J. Stephen Ebrom,Sophie Egea,Greg Eley,Jay Engel,Jennifer Eschbacher,Konstantin V. Fedosenko,Ina Felau,Timothy R. Fennell,Martin L. Ferguson,Sheila Fisher,Keith T. Flaherty,Scott Frazer,Jessica Frick,Victoria Fulidou,Stacey Gabriel,Jianjiong Gao,Johanna Gardner,Levi A. Garraway,Julie M. Gastier-Foster,Carmelo Gaudioso,Nils Gehlenborg,Giannicola Genovese,Mark Gerken,Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,Gad Getz,Carmen Gomez-Fernandez,Thomas Gribbin,Jonna Grimsby,Benjamin Gross,Ranabir Guin,Tony Gutschner,Angela Hadjipanayis,Ruth Halaban,Benjamin Hanf,David Haussler,Lauren E. Haydu,D. Neil Hayes,Nicholas K. Hayward,David I. Heiman,Lynn M. Herbert,James G. Herman,Peter Hersey,Katherine A. Hoadley,Eran Hodis,Robert A. Holt,Dave S.B. Hoon,Susan Hoppough,Alan P. Hoyle,Franklin W. Huang,Mei Huang,Sharon K. Huang,Carolyn M. Hutter,Matthew Ibbs,Lisa Iype,Anders Jacobsen,Valerie Jakrot,Alyssa Janning,William R. Jeck,Stuart R. Jefferys,Mark A. Jensen,Corbin D. Jones,Steven J.M. Jones,Zhenlin Ju,Hojabr Kakavand,Hyojin Kang,Richard F. Kefford,Fadlo R. Khuri,Jaegil Kim,John M. Kirkwood,Joachim Klode,Anil Korkut,Konstanty Korski,Michael Krauthammer,Raju Kucherlapati,Lawrence N. Kwong,Witold Kycler,Marc Ladanyi,Phillip H. Lai,Peter W. Laird,Eric S. Lander,Michael S. Lawrence,Alexander J. Lazar,Radoslaw Łaźniak,Darlene Lee,Jeffrey E. Lee,Junehawk Lee,Kenneth K. Lee,Semin Lee,William Lee,Ewa Leporowska,Kristen M. Leraas,Haiyan I. Li,Tara M. Lichtenberg,Lee Lichtenstein,Pei Lin,Shiyun Ling,Jia Liu,Ouida Liu,Wen-Bin Liu,Georgina V. Long,Yiling Lu,Singer Ma,Yussanne Ma,Andrzej Mackiewicz,Harshad S. Mahadeshwar,Jared Malke,David Mallery,Georgy Manikhas,Graham J. Mann,Marco A. Marra,Brenna Matejka,Michael Mayo,Sousan Mehrabi,Shaowu Meng,Matthew Meyerson,Piotr A. Mieczkowski,John P. Miller,Martin L. Miller,Gordon B. Mills,Fedor Moiseenko,Richard A. Moore,Scott Morris,Carl Morrison,Donald L. Morton,Stergios J. Moschos,Lisle E. Mose,Florian L. Muller,Andrew J. Mungall,D. Murawa,Pawel Murawa,Bradley A. Murray,Luigi Nezi,Sam Ng,Dana Nicholson,Michael S. Noble,Adeboye Osunkoya,Taofeek K. Owonikoko,Bradley A. Ozenberger,Elena Pagani,Oxana Paklina,Angeliki Pantazi,Michael Parfenov,Jeremy Parfitt,Peter J. Park,Woong-Yang Park,Joel S. Parker,Francesca Passarelli,Robert Penny,Charles M. Perou,Todd Pihl,Olga Potapova,Victor G. Prieto,Alexei Protopopov,Michael J. Quinn,Amie Radenbaugh,Kunal Rai,Suresh Ramalingam,Ayush T. Raman,Nilsa C. Ramirez,Ricardo Ramirez,Uma Rao,W. Kimryn Rathmell,Xiaojia Ren,Sheila Reynolds,Jeffrey Roach,A. Gordon Robertson,Merrick I. Ross,Jason Roszik,Giandomenico Russo,Gordon Saksena,Charles Saller,Yardena Samuels,Chris Sander,Cindy Sander,George E. Sandusky,Netty Santoso,Melissa Saul,Robyn P. M. Saw,Dirk Schadendorf,Jacqueline E. Schein,Nikolaus Schultz,Steven E. Schumacher,Charles Schwallier,Richard A. Scolyer,Jonathan G. Seidman,Pedamallu Chandra Sekhar,Harmanjatinder S. Sekhon,Yasin Senbabaoglu,Sahil Seth,Kerwin F. Shannon,Samantha Sharpe,Norman E. Sharpless,Kenna R. Mills Shaw,Candace Shelton,Troy Shelton,Ronglai Shen,Margi Sheth,Yan Shi,Carolyn J. Shiau,Ilya Shmulevich,Gabriel Sica,Janae V. Simons,Rileen Sinha,Payal Sipahimalani,Heidi J. Sofia,Matthew G. Soloway,Xingzhi Song,Carrie Sougnez,Andrew J. Spillane,Arkadiusz Spychała,Jonathan R. Stretch,Joshua M. Stuart,Wiktoria Maria Suchorska,Antje Sucker,S. Onur Sumer,Yichao Sun,Maria Synott,Barbara Tabak,Teresa R. Tabler,Angela Tam,Donghui Tan,Jiabin Tang,Roy Tarnuzzer,Katherine Tarvin,Honorata Tatka,Barry S. Taylor,M. Teresiak,Nina Thiessen,John F. Thompson,Leigh B. Thorne,Vesteinn Thorsson,Jeffrey M. Trent,Timothy J. Triche,Kenneth Y. Tsai,Peiling Tsou,David Van Den Berg,Eliezer M. Van Allen,Umadevi Veluvolu,Roeland Verhaak,Douglas Voet,Olga Voronina,Vonn Walter,Jessica Walton,Yunhu Wan,Yuling Wang,Zhining Wang,Scot Waring,Ian R. Watson,Nils Weinhold,John N. Weinstein,Daniel J. Weisenberger,Peter White,Matthew D. Wilkerson,James S. Wilmott,Lisa Wise,Maciej Wiznerowicz,Scott E. Woodman,Chang Jiun Wu,Chia Chin Wu,Junyuan Wu,Ye Wu,Ruibin Xi,Andrew Wei Xu,Da Yang,Liming Yang,Lixing Yang,Travis I. Zack,Jean C. Zenklusen,Hailei Zhang,Jianhua Zhang,Wei Zhang,Xiaobei Zhao,Jingchun Zhu,Kelsey Zhu,Lisa Zimmer,Erik Zmuda,Lihua Zou +351 more
TL;DR: This clinicopathological and multi-dimensional analysis suggests that the prognosis of melanoma patients with regional metastases is influenced by tumor stroma immunobiology, offering insights to further personalize therapeutic decision-making.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colocalization of Inflammatory Response with B7-H1 Expression in Human Melanocytic Lesions Supports an Adaptive Resistance Mechanism of Immune Escape
Janis M. Taube,Robert A. Anders,Geoffrey D. Young,Haiying Xu,Rajni Sharma,Tracee L. McMiller,Shuming Chen,Alison P. Klein,Drew M. Pardoll,Suzanne L. Topalian,Lieping Chen,Lieping Chen +11 more
TL;DR: Induction of the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway may represent an adaptive immune resistance mechanism exerted by tumor cells in response to endogenous antitumor activity and may explain how melanomas escape immune destruction despite endogenous antitUMor immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pooled Analysis of Long-Term Survival Data From Phase II and Phase III Trials of Ipilimumab in Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma
Dirk Schadendorf,F. Stephen Hodi,Caroline Robert,Jeffrey S. Weber,Kim Margolin,Omid Hamid,Debra A. Patt,Tai-Tsang Chen,David Berman,Jedd D. Wolchok +9 more
TL;DR: A plateau in the survival curve was observed, beginning at approximately 3 years, which was independent of prior therapy or ipilimumab dose, and added to the evidence supporting the durability of long-term survival in ipILimumab-treated patients with advanced melanoma.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Final Version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Cutaneous Melanoma
Charles M. Balch,Antonio C. Buzaid,Seng Jaw Soong,Michael B. Atkins,Natale Cascinelli,Daniel G. Coit,Irvin D. Fleming,Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,Alan Houghton,John M. Kirkwood,Kelly M. McMasters,Martin F. Mihm,Donald L. Morton,Douglas S. Reintgen,M. I. Ross,Arthur J. Sober,John A. Thompson,John F. Thompson +17 more
TL;DR: This revision of the staging system for cutaneous melanoma will become official with publication of the sixth edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual in the year 2002.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prognostic Factors Analysis of 17,600 Melanoma Patients: Validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Melanoma Staging System
Charles M. Balch,Seng Jaw Soong,Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,John F. Thompson,Douglas S. Reintgen,Natale Cascinelli,Marshall M. Urist,Kelly M. McMasters,M. I. Ross,John M. Kirkwood,Michael B. Atkins,John A. Thompson,Daniel G. Coit,David R. Byrd,Renee A. Desmond,Yuting Zhang,Ping-Yu Liu,Gary H. Lyman,Aberto Morabito +18 more
TL;DR: The proposed tumor-node-metastases categories and stage groupings for cutaneous melanoma patients were validated and incorporated into the AJCC melanoma staging as described in the companion publication.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multi-institutional melanoma lymphatic mapping experience: the prognostic value of sentinel lymph node status in 612 stage I or II melanoma patients.
Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,William A. Thompson,Paul F. Mansfield,Jeffrey E. Lee,Maria I. Colome,Chi-Hong Tseng,J. Jack Lee,Charles M. Balch,Douglas S. Reintgen,Merrick I. Ross +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of pathologic sentinel lymph node (SLN) status with that of other known prognostic factors on recurrence and survival in patients with stage I or II cutaneous melanoma was compared.
Journal Article
Prognostic factors in 1,521 melanoma patients with distant metastases.
TL;DR: Despite new treatment options, the survival rate of patients with metastatic melanoma has not changed significantly over the last 22 years; their prognosis remains dismal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunohistochemical characteristics of melanoma.
TL;DR: None of the markers reviewed has been shown conclusively to have prognostic value for melanocytic neoplasms.
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