Book•
Financial statement analysis and security valuation
01 Jan 2013-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the use of the financial statements in the valuation process of a business, including the analysis of the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
Abstract: List of Cases List of Accounting Clinics 1 Introduction to Investing and Valuation 2 Introduction to the Financial Statements PART ONE: Financial Statements and Valuation 3 How Financial Statements Are Used in Valuation 4 Cash Accounting, Accrual Accounting, and Discounted Cash Flow Variation 5 Accrual Accounting and Valuation: Pricing Book Values 6 Accrual Accounting and Valuation: Pricing Earnings 7 Valuation and Active Investing PART TWO: The Analysis of Financial Statements 8 Viewing the Business Through the Financial Statements 9 The Analysis if the Statement of Shareholders' Equity 10 The Analysis of the Balance Sheet and Income Statement 11 The Analysis of the Cash Flow Statement 12 The Analysis of Profitability 13 The Analysis of Growth and Sustainable Earnings PART THREE: Forecasting and Valuation Analysis 14 The Value of Operations and the Evaluation of Enterprise Price-to-Book Ratios and Price-Earnings Ratios 15 Anchoring on the Financial Statements: Simple Forecasting and Simple Valuation 15 Full-Information Forecasting, Valuation, and Business Strategy Analysis PART FOUR: Accounting Analysis and Valuation 17 Creating Accounting Value and Economics Value 18 Analysis of the Quality of Financial Statements PART FIVE: The Analysis of Risk and Return 19 The Analysis of Equity Risk and Return for Active Investing 20 The Analysis of Credit Risk and Return Appendix A Summary of Formulas Index
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new measure of one aspect of the quality of accruals and earnings, which is the residual from firm-specific regressions of changes in working capital on past, present, and future operating cash flow realizations.
Abstract: This paper suggests a new measure of one aspect of the quality of accruals and earnings. The major benefit of accruals is to reduce timing and mismatching problems in the underlying cash flows. However, accruals accomplish this benefit at the cost of making assumptions and estimates about future cash flows, which implies that accruals include errors of estimation or noise. Since estimation noise reduces the beneficial role of accruals, this study suggests that the quality of accruals and earnings is decreasing in the magnitude of estimation noise in accruals. More specifically, we develop a simple model of working capital accruals where accruals correct the timing problems in cash flows at the cost of including errors in estimation. Based on the model, we derive an empirical measure of accrual quality as the residual from firm-specific regressions of changes in working capital on past, present, and future operating cash flow realizations. The study concludes with two empirical applications that illustrate the usefulness of our measure of accrual quality. First, we explore the relation of accrual quality to economic fundamentals. We find that accrual quality is negatively related to the magnitude of total accruals, length of the operating cycle, and the standard deviation of sales, cash flows, and earnings, while it is positively related to firm size. Second, we show a strong positive relation between accrual quality and earnings persistence.
3,698 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest a new measure of one aspect of the quality of working capital accruals and earnings, i.e., the ability to shift or adjust the recognition of cash flows over time so that t...
Abstract: This paper suggests a new measure of one aspect of the quality of working capital accruals and earnings. One role of accruals is to shift or adjust the recognition of cash flows over time so that t...
3,578 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the relation between the cost of equity capital and seven attributes of earnings: accrual quality, persistence, predictability, smoothness, value relevance, timeliness, and conservatism.
Abstract: We examine the relation between the cost of equity capital and seven attributes of earnings: accrual quality, persistence, predictability, smoothness, value relevance, timeliness, and conservatism. We characterize the first four attributes as accounting‐based because they are typically measured using accounting information only. We characterize the last three attributes as market‐based because proxies for these constructs are typically based on relations between market data and accounting data. Based on theoretical models predicting a positive association between information quality and cost of equity, we test for and find that firms with the least favorable values of each attribute, considered individually, generally experience larger costs of equity than firms with the most favorable values. The largest cost of equity effects are observed for the accounting‐based attributes, in particular, accrual quality. These findings are robust to controls for innate determinants of the earnings attributes (firm siz...
2,262 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate the equity premium from the discount rate that equates market valuations with prevailing expectations of future flows, and find that the average equity premium is around three percent (or less) in the United States and five other markets.
Abstract: The returns earned by U.S. equities since 1926 exceed estimates derived from theory, from other periods and markets, and from surveys of institutional investors. Rather than examine historic experience, we estimate the equity premium from the discount rate that equates market valuations with prevailing expectations of future flows. The accounting flows we project are isomorphic to projected dividends but use more available information and narrow the range of reasonable growth rates. For each year between 1985 and 1998, we find that the equity premium is around three percent (or less) in the United States and five other markets.
1,478 citations
TL;DR: A review of tax research can be found in this article, which surveys four main areas of the literature: (1) the informational role of income tax expense reported for financial accounting, (2) corporate tax avoidance, (3) corporate decision-making including investment, capital structure, and organizational form, and (4) taxes and asset pricing.
1,436 citations