Fine Particulate Matter and Age-Related Eye Disease: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
02 Aug 2021-Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology)-Vol. 62, Iss: 10, pp 7-7
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ocular outcomes such as visual impairment and age-related eye disease was determined from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
Abstract: Purpose To determine the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ocular outcomes such as visual impairment and age-related eye disease. Methods Baseline data were used from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. The Comprehensive Cohort consisted of 30,097 adults ages 45 to 85 years. Annual mean PM2.5 levels (µg/m3) for each participant's postal code were estimated from satellite data. Ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide levels were also estimated. Binocular presenting visual acuity was measured using a visual acuity chart. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in millimeters of mercury using the Reichart Ocular Response Analyzer. Participants were asked about a diagnosis of glaucoma, macular degeneration, or cataract. Logistic and linear regression models were used. Results The overall mean PM2.5 level was 6.5 µg/m3 (SD = 1.8). In the single pollutant models, increased PM2.5 levels (per interquartile range) were associated with visual impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.24), glaucoma (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29), and visually impairing age-related macular degeneration (OR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.10-2.09) after adjustment for sociodemographics and disease. PM2.5 had a borderline adjusted association with cataract (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.99-1.14). In the multi-pollutant models, increased PM2.5 was associated with glaucoma and IOP only after adjustment for sociodemographics and disease (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05-1.46 and β = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12-0.37). Conclusions Increased PM2.5 is associated with glaucoma and IOP. These associations should be confirmed using longitudinal data and potential mechanisms should be explored. If confirmed, this work may have relevance for revision of World Health Organization thresholds to protect human health.
Citations
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Xueli Yang1, Ze Yang1, Yuanyuan Liu2, Yuanyuan Liu1, Xi Chen1, Baoqun Yao1, Baoqun Yao2, Fengchao Liang3, Anqi Shan1, Fangchao Liu4, Song Chen2, Xiaochang Yan5, Jianfeng Huang4, Shaoye Bo, Yang Liu6, Naijun Tang1, Dongfeng Gu4, Dongfeng Gu3, Hua Yan1, Hua Yan2 •
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used a satellite-based model at 1-km resolution level to estimate PM2.5 concentrations, which were assigned to each participant according to geocoded home addresses.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate how PM2.5 exposure affects the microstructure, metabolites or functions of the visual system and reveal that PM2 exposure triggered visual dysfunction, and altered microstructures, metabolite and function in the retina and visual brain areas.
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TL;DR: Three new visual acuity charts facilitate quantitative use ofVisual acuity test results by providing high-contrast lettering on washable white polystyrene on which to test right and left eyes.
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Cong Liu1, Renjie Chen1, Francesco Sera1, Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera1, Yuming Guo1, Shilu Tong1, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho1, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva1, Eric Lavigne2, Patricia Matus1, Nicolas Valdes Ortega1, Samuel David Osorio García3, M. Pascal1, Massimo Stafoggia1, Matteo Scortichini1, Masahiro Hashizume4, Yasushi Honda1, Magali Hurtado-Díaz1, Julio Cruz1, Baltazar Nunes1, João Paulo Teixeira1, Ho Kim5, Aurelio Tobias1, Carmen Iñiguez1, Bertil Forsberg1, Christofer Åström1, Martina S. Ragettli1, Yue Leon Guo6, Bing-Yu Chen6, Michelle L. Bell7, Caradee Y. Wright1, Noah Scovronick1, Rebecca M. Garland1, Ai Milojevic1, Jan Kyselý8, Aleš Urban8, Hans Orru1, Ene Indermitte9, Jouni J. K. Jaakkola1, Niilo R.I. Ryti1, Klea Katsouyanni1, Antonis Analitis1, Antonella Zanobetti1, Joel Schwartz1, Jianmin Chen, Tangchun Wu10, Aaron J Cohen11, Aaron J Cohen12, Antonio Gasparrini1, Haidong Kan1 •
Shanghai Jiao Tong University1, University of Ottawa2, AmeriCorps VISTA3, Nagasaki University4, Seoul National University5, National Taiwan University6, Yale University7, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague8, University of Tartu9, Huazhong University of Science and Technology10, Health Effects Institute11, University of Washington12
TL;DR: The data show independent associations between short-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 and daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in more than 600 cities across the globe, and reinforce the evidence of a link between mortality and PM concentration established in regional and local studies.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The systematic evaluation of the results of time-series studies of air pollution is challenged by differences in model specification and publication bias.METHODS: We evaluated the assoc ...
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TL;DR: In the US Medicare population from 2000 to 2012, short-term exposures to PM2.5 and warm-season ozone were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality, suggesting that these standards may need to be reevaluated.
Abstract: Importance The US Environmental Protection Agency is required to reexamine its National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) every 5 years, but evidence of mortality risk is lacking at air pollution levels below the current daily NAAQS in unmonitored areas and for sensitive subgroups. Objective To estimate the association between short-term exposures to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, and at levels below the current daily NAAQS, and mortality in the continental United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression to estimate the association between short-term exposures to PM2.5and ozone (mean of daily exposure on the same day of death and 1 day prior) and mortality in 2-pollutant models. The study included the entire Medicare population from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2012, residing in 39 182 zip codes. Exposures Daily PM2.5and ozone levels in a 1-km × 1-km grid were estimated using published and validated air pollution prediction models based on land use, chemical transport modeling, and satellite remote sensing data. From these gridded exposures, daily exposures were calculated for every zip code in the United States. Warm-season ozone was defined as ozone levels for the months April to September of each year. Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause mortality in the entire Medicare population from 2000 to 2012. Results During the study period, there were 22 433 862 million case days and 76 143 209 control days. Of all case and control days, 93.6% had PM2.5levels below 25 μg/m3, during which 95.2% of deaths occurred (21 353 817 of 22 433 862), and 91.1% of days had ozone levels below 60 parts per billion, during which 93.4% of deaths occurred (20 955 387 of 22 433 862). The baseline daily mortality rates were 137.33 and 129.44 (per 1 million persons at risk per day) for the entire year and for the warm season, respectively. Each short-term increase of 10 μg/m3in PM2.5(adjusted by ozone) and 10 parts per billion (10−9) in warm-season ozone (adjusted by PM2.5) were statistically significantly associated with a relative increase of 1.05% (95% CI, 0.95%-1.15%) and 0.51% (95% CI, 0.41%-0.61%) in daily mortality rate, respectively. Absolute risk differences in daily mortality rate were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.29-1.56) and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.53-0.78) per 1 million persons at risk per day. There was no evidence of a threshold in the exposure-response relationship. Conclusions and Relevance In the US Medicare population from 2000 to 2012, short-term exposures to PM2.5and warm-season ozone were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. This risk occurred at levels below current national air quality standards, suggesting that these standards may need to be reevaluated.
435 citations
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Trending Questions (1)
Is there a relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and glaucoma?
Yes, there is a relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and glaucoma. Increased PM2.5 levels were associated with glaucoma after adjustment for sociodemographics and disease.