scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
BookDOI

Finite element analysis of electrical machines

01 Jan 1995-
TL;DR: The aim of this chapter is to clarify the role of magnetism in the design of Induction Machines and to provide a procedure for integrating magnetism into the model of the motor.
Abstract: Preface. 1. Introduction to Finite Elements. 2. Nonlinear Problems. 3. Permanent Magnets. 4. Eddy Current Analysis. 5. Computation of Losses, Resistance and Inductance. 6. Calculation of Force and Torque. 7. Synchronous Machines in the Steady State. 8. The Induction Motor in Steady State. 9. Time Domain Modeling of Induction Machines. 10. Air-Gap Elements for Electrical Machines. 11. Axiperiodic Solutions.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The utility of employing cogging torque minimization techniques that have been developed principally for use in RFPM machines is examined by 3-D finite-element analysis, and several alternatives for AFPM machines are proposed.
Abstract: Various techniques exist for reducing the cogging torque in radial-flux permanent-magnet (RFPM) machines. However, although some of these can be applied to axial-flux PM (AFPM) machines, the additional manufacturing complexity and cost may be prohibitive. Therefore, alternative low-cost techniques are desirable for use in AFPM machines. In this paper, the utility of employing cogging torque minimization techniques that have been developed principally for use in RFPM machines is examined by 3-D finite-element analysis, and several alternative cogging torque minimization techniques for AFPM machines are proposed.

182 citations


Cites methods from "Finite element analysis of electric..."

  • ...The cogging torque can be computed by finite-element analysis using either Maxwell’s stress tensor or the virtual work technique [ 36 ]‐[40]....

    [...]

  • ...On the other hand, the virtual work method is generally easier to implement [ 36 ]....

    [...]

  • ...However, since 3-D modeling is generally required for analyzing the cogging torque in AFPM machines [29]‐[35], and this remains relatively time consuming [ 36 ], [37], analytical techniques are combined with 3-D finite-element analyses whenever possible in order to simplify the calculation....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tests of the induction motor system driven by inverter and controlled by PLC prove a higher accuracy in speed regulation as compared to a conventional V/f control system.
Abstract: The implementation of a monitoring and control system for the induction motor based on programmable logic controller (PLC) technology is described. Also, the implementation of the hardware and software for speed control and protection with the results obtained from tests on induction motor performance is provided. The PLC correlates the operational parameters to the speed requested by the user and monitors the system during normal operation and under trip conditions. Tests of the induction motor system driven by inverter and controlled by PLC prove a higher accuracy in speed regulation as compared to a conventional V/f control system. The efficiency of PLC control is increased at high speeds up to 95% of the synchronous speed. Thus, PLC proves themselves as a very versatile and effective tool in industrial control of electric drives.

169 citations


Cites background from "Finite element analysis of electric..."

  • ...The eddy current region in the stator winding is thus modeled as a nonconductive area [11]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors designed a Halbach magnet array by using a numerical optimization method based on finite-element analysis, where the magnetization direction of each element is defined as the design variable.
Abstract: We have designed a Halbach magnet array by using a numerical optimization method based on finite-element analysis. The magnetization direction of each element is defined as the design variable. The optimal magnet arrays composed of two and three linear magnet layers can then be investigated to increase the attractive, repulsive, and tangential magnetic forces between magnet layers. We have applied a magnet array maximizing the tangential force to a torsional spring composed of two- and three-magnet rings. The two-dimensional finite-element analysis incorporates optimization techniques such as the sequential linear programming and the adjoint variable method.

141 citations


Cites methods from "Finite element analysis of electric..."

  • ...The integration term in (4) indicates the magnetic force to the -direction by the Maxwell stress tensor method [12]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The CE-FEA method is presented and applied to a parametric design study for an interior-permanent-magnet machine and significant reduction of simulation times is achieved, permitting a comprehensive search of large design spaces for optimization purposes.
Abstract: Computationally efficient finite-element analysis (FEA) (CE-FEA) fully exploits the symmetries of electric and magnetic circuits of sine-wave current-regulated synchronous machines and yields substantial savings of computational efforts. Motor performance is evaluated through Fourier analysis and a minimum number of magnetostatic solutions. The major steady-state performance indices (average torque, ripple and cogging torque, back-electromotive-force waveforms, and core losses) are satisfactorily estimated as compared with the results of detailed time-stepping (transient) FEA. In this paper, the CE-FEA method is presented and applied to a parametric design study for an interior-permanent-magnet machine. Significant reduction of simulation times is achieved (approximately two orders of magnitude), permitting a comprehensive search of large design spaces for optimization purposes. In this case study, the influence of three design variables, namely, stator tooth width, pole arc, and slot opening, on three performance indices, namely, average torque, efficiency, and full-load torque ripple, is examined, and design trends are derived. One hundred candidate designs are simulated in less than 20 minutes on a state-of-the-art workstation.

137 citations


Cites methods from "Finite element analysis of electric..."

  • ...The proposed approach employs a 2-D magnetostatic FE formulation based on the following quasi-Poissonian equation [18]:...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An in-depth literature review on the status and potential trends of the technology pertinent to the design and optimization of SRMs in the following aspects: the mathematical modeling of the electromagnetic and thermal fields in SRMs, the enhancement of the performances in terms of the torque ripple, acoustic noise, efficiency, and torque density, and the multiobjective design optimization incorporating all the above factors.
Abstract: Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are witnessing increased interests and applications in the industry and scientific communities thanks to the advantages of rigid structures, high reliability and robustness, the absence of permanent magnets, fast dynamic response, and low manufacturing cost. SRMs have become a feasible and popular alternative to conventional electric machines, such as induction machines and permanent magnet machines, with variable speed drives in many applications. Since improving the electromagnetic and thermal performances of an SRM at the design stage is of significant value, this paper presents an in-depth literature review on the status and potential trends of the technology pertinent to the design and optimization of SRMs in the following aspects: the mathematical modeling of the electromagnetic and thermal fields in SRMs, the enhancement of the performances in terms of the torque ripple, acoustic noise, efficiency, and torque density, and the multiobjective design optimization incorporating all the above factors. Finally, the presence of SRMs and their design considerations for specific applications in electric vehicles, aircraft and aerospace systems, wind generators, high speed, and energy storage systems are extensively discussed in this paper. The existing approaches advancing the SRM technologies are systematically and comprehensively summarized and compared for each category.

124 citations


Cites methods from "Finite element analysis of electric..."

  • ...FEA and CFD are geometrically generic and can accurately predict the temperature field in SRMs, but they generally require extended setup and computation times, which limits their integration into the EM design and optimization process....

    [...]

  • ...The methods for modeling the thermal conditions in electric machines include thermal circuit approaches and numerical techniques such as thermal FEA and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)....

    [...]

  • ...Because it is difficult or even impossible to obtain the variational expression in some particular cases of machinery analysis, the Galerkin approach is more popular due to the greater generality and is employed in most commercial FEA solvers....

    [...]

  • ...The FEA subdivides the entire solution domain into small, simpler parts called finite elements (FEs), assembles the equations associated with each element into a larger system of algebraic equations, and yields approximate values of the unknowns at discrete number of points over the domain....

    [...]

  • ...The merits of the FEA for an SRM design lie in the following aspects: the assignment of the elements is flexible and covers the entire solution domain, making it adaptable to any complex or irregular machine geometries; it can provide an accurate solution of the magnetic field distribution in the subdomains with inhomogeneous properties, e.g., the laminated core with anisotropic and nonlinear permeability, by applying iterative algorithms; the FEA system matrix is sparse, symmetric, and diagonal dominant, which facilitates faster solution algorithms and allows reduced memory occupation....

    [...]