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Journal ArticleDOI

Finite element modelling of the compressive response of lattice structures manufactured using the selective laser melting technique

TL;DR: In this paper, the compressive response of lattice structures based on two simple architectures, namely, a body-centred cubic structure (BCC) and a similar structure with vertical pillars, were used to model the structures under quasi-static compressive loads.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Mechanical Sciences.The article was published on 2013-02-01. It has received 380 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Finite element method & Truss.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive summary of the experimental data reported on the mechanical response of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) lattice structures can be found in this paper, where the design, fabrication and performance of SLM lattice structure are reviewed and the quality of data reported to inform best-practice for future studies.

580 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of build orientation selection and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of lattice structures with different geometries and their influence on mechanical properties was investigated, showing a significant decrease in mechanical strength for samples that are built diagonally and a transformation of the microstructure after a HIP (hot isostatic pressing) treatment, resulting in a lower maximum strength, but higher ductility.
Abstract: The metal additive manufacturing industry is rising and so is the interest in new lattice structures with unique mechanical properties. Many studies have already investigated lattice structures with different geometries and their influence on mechanical properties, but little is known about the effect of specific processing characteristics that are inherent to metal additive manufacturing. Therefore this study investigates the effect of two crucial steps in the manufacturing process: the build orientation selection and heat treatment. In total the microstructure and static mechanical properties of five different orientations and three heat treatment conditions were evaluated using Ti6Al4V diamond like lattice structures. The results show a significant decrease in mechanical strength for samples that are built diagonally and a transformation of the microstructure after a HIP (hot isostatic pressing) treatment, resulting in a lower maximum strength, but higher ductility. In general, horizontal struts should be avoided during manufacturing, unless the applied load after manufacturing can be properly supported by other struts. Both a stress relief heat treatment and a HIP treatment can be used in statically loaded applications, whereas a HIP treatment is believed to be beneficial for dynamically loaded applications. This study enables an appropriate selection of build orientation and heat treatment of lattice structures for different applications.

367 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, experimental compression tests and finite element analysis were conducted to investigate and compare the mechanical properties and energy absorption capability of functionally graded and uniform F2BCC lattice structures made of Al-12Si aluminium alloy and manufactured by SLM process.

291 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the as-fabricated strut size, morphology and internal porosity were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) and correlated to the compressive properties of the structure.
Abstract: AlSi10Mg cellular lattice structures have been fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) using a range of laser scanning speeds and powers. The as-fabricated strut size, morphology and internal porosity were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) and correlated to the compressive properties of the structure. Strut diameter was found to increase monotonically with laser power while the porosity was largest at intermediate powers. Laser scanning speed was found to thicken the struts only at slow rates while the porosity was largest at intermediate speeds. High speed imaging showed the melt pool to be larger at high laser powers. Further the melt pool shape was found to vary cyclically over time, steadily growing before becoming increasingly instable and irregularly shaped before abruptly falling in size due to splashing of molten materials and the process repeating. Upon compressive loading, lattice deformation was homogeneous prior to the peak stress before falling sharply due to the creation of a (one strut wide) shear band at around 45° to the compression axis. The specific yield strength expressed as the yield stress/(yield stress of the aluminium × relative density) is not independent of processing conditions, suggesting that further improvements in properties can be achieved by process optimisation. Lattice struts failed near nodes by a mixture of ductile and brittle fracture.

282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of manufacturing and processing of microlattices with corresponding mechanical properties is presented, as well as possible future uses of micro lattices and demonstrated use of cellular materials analogous to applications of micro-attices are also explored.

279 citations

References
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01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for making metal foams characterisation methods and properties of metal foam, and a constitutive model for metal foam design for Creep with Metal Foams Sandwich Structures Energy Management: Packaging and Blast Protection Sound Absorption and Vibration Suppression Thermal Management and Heat Transfer Electrical Properties of metal Foams Cutting, Finishing and Joining Cost Estimation and Viability Case Studies Suppliers of Metal Foam Web Sites Index
Abstract: Introduction Making Metal Foams Characterization Methods Properties of Metal Foams Design Analysis for Material Selection Design Formulae for Simple Structures A Constitutive Model for Metal Foams Design for Creep with Metal Foams Sandwich Structures Energy Management: Packaging and Blast Protection Sound Absorption and Vibration Suppression Thermal Management and Heat Transfer Electrical Properties of Metal Foams Cutting, Finishing and Joining Cost Estimation and Viability Case Studies Suppliers of Metal Foams Web Sites Index .

2,527 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effective mechanical properties of the octet-truss lattice structured material have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically, and the intervention of elastic buckling of the struts is also analysed in an approximate manner.
Abstract: The effective mechanical properties of the octet-truss lattice structured material have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Analytical and FE calculations of the elastic properties and plastic yielding collapse surfaces are reported. The intervention of elastic buckling of the struts is also analysed in an approximate manner. Good agreement is found between the predictions of the strength and experimental observations from tests on the octet-truss material made from a casting aluminium alloy. Moreover, the strength and stiffness of the octet-truss material are stretching-dominated and compare favourably with the corresponding properties of metallic foams. Thus, the octet-truss lattice material can be considered as a promising alternative to metallic foams in lightweight structures.

1,260 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the topological criteria that dictate the deformation mechanism of a cellular solid by analysing the rigidity (or otherwise) of pin-jointed frameworks comprising inextensional struts.

1,136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the macroscopic effective stiffness and strength of triangulated face-sheets and tetrahedral core are estimated by idealizing them as pin-jointed assemblies; tests show that this approximation is adequate.

483 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a truss core panel with a tetragonal topology was fabricated from a beryllium-copper alloy using a rapid prototyping approach and investment casting, and measurements were performed on these panels in flexure, shear and compression.

303 citations