Fixed bed column study for pesticide removal using silver nanoparticles-embedded polyurethane foam and glass beads
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles coated onto polyurethane foam (CPU), fused into FPU, and glass beads in a fixed bed column for removal of pesticide residues was investigated.
Abstract: This study reports the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles coated onto polyurethane foam (CPU), fused into polyurethane foam (FPU), and glass beads in a fixed bed column for removal of pesticide ...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive summary of the current status of different beds used to immobilize nanomaterials, and the features, advantages, and disadvantages of the different beds.
Abstract: Nowadays, providing clean and accessible water to meet human needs is the major challenge of the 21st century. Nanoparticles have great potential for improving current technologies for water and wastewater treatment because of their novel properties. However, the risks associated with residual nanoparticles in treated waters and their difficult separation have limited their widespread applications in water and wastewater treatment. To overcome this limitation, it is required to efficiently immobilize nanoparticles on a suitable bed. This review provides details on the immobilization of nanomaterials on various beds of different materials and morphologies. The major points are 1) a comprehensive summary of the current status of different beds used to immobilize nanomaterials, and 2) the features, advantages, and disadvantages of different beds. Different beds, including beads, membranes, fibers, 3D porous structures, organic supports, and inorganic supports, have been investigated to immobilize nanomaterials. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of beads, spherical carbon beads have excellent mechanical properties, chemical, thermal, and mechanical resistance. Therefore, they can be the best choice for the treatment processes. Adsorptive membranes have several advantages, including high efficiency, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and high flexibility. Therefore, they are the best choice of membranes as a substrate. Among different 3D porous structures, the aerogel type has better properties for the immobilization of nanoparticles. Organic supports, which are considered as vulnerable support for nanoparticles, have several disadvantages, including low mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. Inorganic supports can be considered the best substrate due to their many merits and few drawbacks.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the removal of textile dye namely methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticle loaded flexible polyurethane (PU) foam composite was carried out using prepared foam composites under UV and solar irradiations.
Abstract: This work aims at the removal of textile dye namely methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticle loaded flexible polyurethane (PU) foam composite. ZnO nanoparticle loaded PU foams were successfully synthesized by adding ZnO nanoparticles at varying weights (0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g and 0.5 g) in the foaming blend. Synthesized foam composites were characterized for bulk density and sol fraction. The cellular morphology of the foams was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). PU foam shows highly porous and open cell structure. Degradation of MB dye from an aqueous model pollutant was carried out using prepared foam composites under UV and solar irradiations. It has been observed that irradiation under solar source degrades MB dye in a short span of time as compared to UV irradiation. The effect of nanoparticle loading, time of irradiation and reuse of foam on MB dye degradation from synthetic waste water was effectively studied. Moreover, experimental data also exhibits first order degradation kinetics and the rate constants were found to be 0.66 h−1 under UV light and 3.07 h−1 in sunlight.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed antibacterial auxetic polyurethane (PU) foams for use in seat cushions and hospital beds and showed that the antibacterial APU foams developed in this work can possibly cause less infection and ensure better stress distribution at the cushion interface.
Abstract: Patients who are bed-ridden and users of wheelchairs are prone to development of pressure sores at the cushion–skin interface due to stress concentrations, moisture and bacterial infections. The purpose of this work is to develop antibacterial auxetic polyurethane (PU) foams for use in seat cushions and hospital beds. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were used in the synthesis of PU foams to induce antibacterial properties. These foams were then converted to negative Poisson’s ratio or auxetic polyurethane (APU) foams to improve the mechanical properties. Two different APU foams were made using compression factors of 2.07 and 2.97. Chemical composition, microstructure, thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties of SNP-based PU foams before and after conversion to APUs were studied. The study showed that APU foams fabricated using higher compression factor greatly enhanced the antibacterial properties against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria. APU foams made using higher compression ratio also exhibited increase in the compression strength at higher strains (after 20% strain). This study shows that the antibacterial APU foams developed in this work can possibly cause less infection and ensure better stress distribution at the cushion–skin interface.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the combined adsorption and photocatalysis on degradation of textile dye using microporous polymer nanocomposite was investigated, and the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous model pollutant was performed using pure TiO2 nanoparticles, unloaded PU foam and TiO 2-loaded PU foam by exposing under UV and solar irradiations.
Abstract: This study investigates the combined adsorption and photocatalysis on degradation of textile dye using microporous polymer nanocomposite. First, nanocomposites were synthesized by loading TiO2 nanoparticles of different weights (0.1–0.5 g) in polyurethane (PU) foam. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized for bulk density, sol fraction and morphology. Degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous model pollutant was performed using pure TiO2 nanoparticles, unloaded PU foam and TiO2-loaded PU foam by exposing under UV and solar irradiations. It has been observed that degradation (due to TiO2 nanoparticles) and adsorption (due to PU foam) were happening simultaneously upon irradiation under solar and UV source. This mechanism was confirmed by analysing and comparing the MB dye degradation results for pure TiO2 nanoparticles (85% of dye degraded in 40 min), unloaded PU foam (40% degradation in 40 min) and TiO2-loaded PU foam (95% degradation in 20 min). Experimental data show pseudo-zero-order kinetics for UV irradiation (rate constant = 0.016 h–1), whereas solar irradiation follows first-order kinetics with rate constant 0.265 h–1.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the adsorbent mass of the material prepared from Ajwa date stones and the flow rate of organochlorine pesticides onto prepared activated carbon were studied; the optimum adsorption capacity for all studied organic pesticides from the water having a natural pH has reached 70-100%.
Abstract: The innovation of this study was to assess which types of AC derived from three selected date stones (Species: Phoenix dactylifera; types: Ajwa, Anbari, Khudri) showed better performance for the adsorption of organochlorine pesticides from contaminated water (outflow water from WWTP and agricultural effluent). In the bed column, the first experiments demonstrated that AC prepared from Ajwa date stones has a high efficiency to eliminate OCPs from an aqueous solution that 10 g of adsorbent was treated with 12 L of contaminated water. Therefore, the effects of the adsorbent mass of the material prepared from Ajwa date stones and flow rate of organochlorine pesticides onto prepared activated carbon were studied; the optimum adsorption capacity for all studied organochlorine pesticides from the water having a natural pH has reached 70–100%, using a 50 g of adsorbent in the particle size range of 0.75–100 mm, a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min, and an inlet concentration 57 µg/L. Finally, this AC proved its effectiveness to control water pollution by OCPs for agricultural and WWTPs effluents.
3 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that evidence for novel size-dependent properties alone, rather than particle size, should be the primary criterion in any definition of nanoparticles when making decisions about their regulation for environmental, health and safety reasons.
Abstract: The regulation of engineered nanoparticles requires a widely agreed definition of such particles. Nanoparticles are routinely defined as particles with sizes between about 1 and 100 nm that show properties that are not found in bulk samples of the same material. Here we argue that evidence for novel size-dependent properties alone, rather than particle size, should be the primary criterion in any definition of nanoparticles when making decisions about their regulation for environmental, health and safety reasons. We review the size-dependent properties of a variety of inorganic nanoparticles and find that particles larger than about 30 nm do not in general show properties that would require regulatory scrutiny beyond that required for their bulk counterparts.
1,656 citations
"Fixed bed column study for pesticid..." refers background in this paper
...Nanoparticles are normally referred to a group of particles in the size range of 1–100 nm (Auffan et al. 2009; El-Nour et al. 2010) and are known for their novel qualities such as ionic state, conveyance, and morphology (Pareek et al....
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...Nanoparticles are normally referred to a group of particles in the size range of 1–100 nm (Auffan et al. 2009; El-Nour et al. 2010) and are known for their novel qualities such as ionic state, conveyance, and morphology (Pareek et al. 2018)....
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review on pesticides with respect to their types, environmental distribution, routes of exposure, and health impacts is presented to reduce the impacts of pesticides.
1,128 citations
"Fixed bed column study for pesticid..." refers background in this paper
...…parks, schools, structures, and streets in order to control the pest hazards which in turn lead to an extensive variety of health hazards to humans, for example, cerebral pains and queasiness to incessant effects such as disease, conceptive damage, and endocrine disruption (Kim et al. 2017)....
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TL;DR: A review of different methods of preparation of silver nanoparticles and application of these nanoparticles in different fields can be found in this paper, where the authors show that the electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties of nanoparticles are strongly influenced by shape, size and size distribution.
1,040 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was assessed using the standard microdilution method, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles with different sizes (7, 29, and 89 nm mean values) were synthesized using gallic acid in an aqueous chemical reduction method. The nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy; the antibacterial activity was assessed using the standard microdilution method, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. From the microscopies studies (TEM) we observed that silver nanoparticles have spherical (7 and 29 nm) and pseudospherical shape (89 nm) with a narrow size distribution. The sizes of the silver nanoparticles were controlled by varying some experimental conditions. It was found that the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles varies when their size diminishes.
938 citations
"Fixed bed column study for pesticid..." refers background in this paper
...The incorporation of nanoparticles into substrates provides fouling resistance as well as additional benefits which includes disinfection and contaminant degradation, depending on the nanomaterial used (Martinez-Castanon et al. 2008)....
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TL;DR: Silver nanoparticles can be coated on common polyurethane (PU) foams by overnight exposure of the foams to nanoparticle solutions, which can be used as a drinking water filter where bacterial contamination of the surface water is a health risk.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles can be coated on common polyurethane (PU) foams by overnight exposure of the foams to nanoparticle solutions. Repeated washing and air-drying yields uniformly coated PU foam, which can be used as a drinking water filter where bacterial contami- nation of the surface water is a health risk. Nanoparticles are stable on the foam and are not washed away by water. Morphology of the foam was retained after coating. The nanoparticle binding is due to its interaction with the ni- trogen atom of the PU. Online tests were conducted with a prototypical water filter. At a flow rate of 0.5 L/min, in which contact time was of the order of a second, the output count of Escherichia coli was nil when the input water had a bacterial load of 10 5 colony-forming units (CFU) per mL. Combined with the low cost and effectiveness in its applications, the technology may have large implications to developing countries. B 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
826 citations
"Fixed bed column study for pesticid..." refers background in this paper
...H peak from 3273 cm 1 (without coating) to 3293and 3311 cm 1 for synthesized and CNPs, respectively, can be noted (Jain and Pradeep 2005)....
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...Nanoparticles incorporated on polymer membranes have been studied for the removal of pesticides from water (Jain and Pradeep 2005; Vinhal et al. 2017)....
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