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Journal ArticleDOI

Flame retardancy of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) by the synergistic interaction between clay and phosphomolybdate hydrates ☆

TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of montmorillonite (MT) clay and catalysts was used to explore possible synergistic effects in reducing the flammability of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN).
About: This article is published in Polymer Degradation and Stability.The article was published on 2011-05-01. It has received 14 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ammonium phosphomolybdate & Char.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
28 Sep 2012-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of RDP-coated starch on thermal responses of a blend of Ecoflex/PLA and found that the addition of resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP)-coated starchy can improve the compatibility to either Ecoflex or poly(lactic acid) (PLA).

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Fei Xiao1, Kun Wu1, Fubin Luo1, Sa Yao1, Maoping Lv1, Haimei Zou1, Mangeng Lu1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a new multifunctional ionic liquid-based metal-organic hybrid (PMAIL) was synthesized by anion exchange between as-synthesized phosphonate-based Ionic liquid and phosphomolybdic acid and applied to epoxy resin (EP) as an efficient flame retardant.
Abstract: A new multifunctional ionic liquid-based metal–organic hybrid (PMAIL) was synthesized by anion exchange between as-synthesized phosphonate-based ionic liquid and phosphomolybdic acid and applied to epoxy resin (EP) as an efficient flame retardant. As expected, with only 1 wt% addition of PMAIL, the char yield of EP-PMAIL1 composite at 700 °C was significantly improved by 108.3% from 12.0% for neat epoxy resin to 25.0%, demonstrating the outstanding catalytic charring effect of PMAIL. Meanwhile, EP-PMAIL6 composite (6 wt% addition) can reach V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning tests easily, and its peak heat release rate and total smoke production of EP-PMAIL6 were dropped by 31.0 and 15.4%, respectively, compared with neat EP. Moreover, the results from cone calorimetry tests showed that the char yield of EP-PMAIL6 was enhanced by 162% from 9.5 to 24.9% compared with neat EP, resulting in a strong intumescent char layer structure with outstanding fire retardance and mechanical properties. The thermo-oxidative stable protective layer retarded the transfer of heat and flammable volatiles during combustion and protected the epoxy matrix from further degradation. In conclusion, our results might provide a new perspective for producing composites with excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties using ionic liquid-based metal–organic hybrid.

32 citations


Cites background from "Flame retardancy of poly(styrene-co..."

  • ...Further, bromide anions were replaced by phosphomolybdate anions via anion-exchange reaction because phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) can also be applied in polymers to enhance their flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties [29]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of expanded graphite (EG), as well as combinations of EG with Cloisite 15A clay and diammonium phosphate (DAP), into EVA and an EVA/wax blend was investigated.
Abstract: The influence of the introduction of expanded graphite (EG), as well as combinations of EG with Cloisite 15A clay and diammonium phosphate (DAP), into EVA and an EVA/wax blend on the thermal stability and flammability of the polymer and blend was investigated. In the presence of EG + Cloisite 15A, the material formed a dense and stable char layer (carbonized ceramic) which significantly improved the flame resistance of the materials, while the presence of EG and EG + DAP much less uniform char layers were formed and the improvement in flame resistance was not so significant. X-ray diffractometry investigations showed intercalation of EVA into the organoclay, which became more effective in the presence of wax. It was, however, found that there was little separation of the EG platelets, although the presence of wax caused a decrease in the sizes of the EG agglomerates. The thermal stability of EVA and the EVA/wax blend improved in the presence of EG and its combination with Cloisite 15A and DAP.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel phosphotungstate/polyimide photocatalyst (MPWPI) was constructed via in situ solid-state thermal polymerization using melamine and water-soluble triazine melamine.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the supermolecular structure of melamine phosphomolybdate (MAPMo) was tailored by changing the ratio of MA/PMo, which increased the thermal stability of MA and had a great effect on flame retardant efficiency.

21 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanism of flammability reduction of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride and polystyrene−layered-silicate nanocomposites using montmorillonite and fluorohectorite was investigated.
Abstract: Our continuing study of the mechanism of flammability reduction of polymer−layered-silicate nanocomposites has yielded results for polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride and polystyrene−layered-silicate nanocomposites using montmorillonite and fluorohectorite. Cone calorimetry was used to measure the heat release rate and other flammability properties of the nanocomposites, under well-controlled combustion conditions. Both the polymer−layered-silicate nanocomposites and the combustion residues were studied by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. We have found evidence for a common mechanism of flammability reduction. We also found that the type of layered silicate, nanodispersion, and processing degradation have an influence on the flammability reduction.

1,466 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2004-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal and flammability properties of polyamide 6/clay (2 and 5% by mass fraction) nanocomposites were measured to determine their flame retardant (FR) performance.

416 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of polymer nanocomposites used for flame retardancy applications, including commercial materials and open literature examples, is presented in this article, where details on how the nanocomposition and flame retardant work together are discussed.
Abstract: This paper is a review of polymer nanocomposites used for flame retardancy applications, including commercial materials and open literature examples. Where possible, details on how the nanocomposite and flame retardant work together will be discussed. The key lesson from this review is that while the polymer nanocomposite can be considered to be flame retarded (or a flame retardant) by definition, these materials by themselves are unable to pass regulatory fire safety tests such as UL-94 V. Therefore, additional flame retardants are needed in combination with the polymer nanocomposite to pass these tests. In multiple examples, the nanocomposite works with other flame retardants in a synergistic or cooperative manner to lower the polymer flammability (heat release rate). Finally, a discussion on research needs and outlook for polymer nanocomposite flammability research is included. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

367 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The feasibility of heteropolyacid (HPA)/sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) composite membranes for use in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells was investigated in this article.

342 citations