ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1
Wetlands Regulatory Assistance Program
Flora and Field Guide References
supporting all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wetland Regional Supplements
Robert Lichvar and Lindsey Dixon
November 2011
C o l d R e g i o n s R e s e a r c h
a n d E n g i n e e r i n g L a b o r a t o r y
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Cover: Mountain meadow, MT. (Photograph by Jesse Harris, shared by the Biota of North America Program.)
Wetlands Assistance Regulatory
Program
ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1
November 2011
Flora and Field Guide References
supporting all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wetland Regional Supplements
Robert Lichvar and Lindsey Dixon
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
72 Lyme Road
Hanover, NH 03755
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Washington, DC! 20314-1000
ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 ii
Abstract: Over the past few years, a series of Regional Supplements to
the 1987 U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) Wetland Delineation
Manual have been published, and currently the National Wetland Plant
List is being updated. To support these efforts, we generated a list of floras
and field guides for each USACE region—Alaska, Arid West, Atlantic and
Gulf Coastal Plain, Caribbean, Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, Great
Plains, Midwest, Northcentral and Northeast, Pacific Islands, and Western
Mountains, Valleys and Coast. Each list includes regional floras, state flo-
ras, local floras, regional field guides, state field guides, and local field
guides. We also prepared a list of floras and field guides that cover the en-
tire U.S. This list is divided into the following categories: forbs, shrubs,
trees, grasses and sedges, ferns, orchids, cacti and agave, and references
and help guides. The flora and field guide lists can serve as tools for wet-
land delineation and restoration, assigning of wetland indicator statuses to
vegetation species, and other vegetation activities.
DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes.
Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products.
All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to
be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.
DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.
ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 iii
Table of Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................v!
1! Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1!
Background................................................................................................................................1!
Floras vs. Field Guides ..............................................................................................................2!
2! Methods............................................................................................................................................ 4!
3! Results .............................................................................................................................................. 6!
4! Discussion......................................................................................................................................... 7!
References............................................................................................................................................... 8!
Appendix A: All Regions ......................................................................................................................... 9!
Appendix B: Alaska...............................................................................................................................14!
Appendix C: Arid West: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Colorado, Utah,
Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming........................................................................ 17!
Appendix D: Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia,
Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky........................................33!
Appendix E: Caribbean Islands: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Barbados,
Bermuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curacao,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique,
Puerto Rico, Saba, St. Barts, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St.
Maarten, St. Martin, St. Vincent and The Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks
and Caicos, U.S. Virgin Islands ....................................................................................................46!
Appendix F: Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois,
Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North
Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey ................................51!
Appendix G: Great Plains: Montana, North Dakota, sliver of Minnesota, Wyoming,
South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas......................64!
Appendix H: Midwest: South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio.........................................................76!
Appendix I: Northcentral and Northeast: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana................................................................... 87!
Appendix J: Pacific Islands: Hawaiian Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam.....................100!