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Journal ArticleDOI

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer at Micro- and Meso-Scales With Application to Heat Exchanger Design

01 Jul 2000-Applied Mechanics Reviews (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)-Vol. 53, Iss: 7, pp 175-193
About: This article is published in Applied Mechanics Reviews.The article was published on 2000-07-01. It has received 450 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Plate fin heat exchanger & Plate heat exchanger.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a roadmap of development in the thermal and fabrication aspects of microchannels as applied in microelectronics and other high heat-flux cooling applications.
Abstract: This paper provides a roadmap of development in the thermal and fabrication aspects of microchannels as applied in microelectronics and other high heat-flux cooling applications. Microchannels are defined as flow passages that have hydraulic diameters in the range of 10 to 200 micrometers. The impetus for microchannel research was provided by the pioneering work of Tuckerman and Pease [1] at Stanford University in the early eighties. Since that time, this technology has received considerable attention in microelectronics and other major application areas, such as fuel cell systems and advanced heat sink designs. After reviewing the advancement in heat transfer technology from a historical perspective, the advantages of using microchannels in high heat flux cooling applications is discussed, and research done on various aspects of microchannel heat exchanger performance is reviewed. Single-phase performance for liquids is still expected to be describable by conventional equations; however, the gas flow may...

672 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent research on boiling in micro-channels is presented, which addresses the topics of macroscale versus micro-scale heat transfer, two-phase flow regimes, flow boiling heat transfer results for micro-channel, heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels and flow boiling models for micro channels.

553 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2008-Small
TL;DR: It appears that the ability of the Cu surface with nanorods to generate stable nucleation of bubbles at low superheated temperatures results from a synergistic coupling effect between the nanoscale gas cavities formed within the nanorod interstices and micrometer-scale defects that form on the film surface during Nanorod deposition.
Abstract: Phase change through boiling is used in a variety of heat-transfer and chemical reaction applications. The state of the art in nucleate boiling has focused on increasing the density of bubble nucleation using porous structures and microchannels with characteristic sizes of tens of micrometers. Traditionally, it is thought that nanoscale surfaces will not improve boiling heat transfer, since the bubble nucleation process is not expected to be enhanced by such small cavities. In the experiments reported here, we observed unexpected enhancements in boiling performance for a nanostructured copper (Cu) surface formed by the deposition of Cu nanorods on a Cu substrate. Moreover, we observed striking differences in the dynamics of bubble nucleation and release from the Cu nanorods, including smaller bubble diameters, higher bubble release frequencies, and an approximately 30-fold increase in the density of active bubble nucleation sites. It appears that the ability of the Cu surface with nanorods to generate stable nucleation of bubbles at low superheated temperatures results from a synergistic coupling effect between the nanoscale gas cavities (or nanobubbles) formed within the nanorod interstices and micrometer-scale defects (voids) that form on the film surface during nanorod deposition. For such a coupled system, the interconnected nanoscale gas cavities stabilize (or feed) bubble nucleation at the microscale defect sites. This is distinct from conventional-scale boiling surfaces, since for the nanostructured surface the bubble nucleation stability is provided by features with orders-of-magnitude smaller scales than the cavity-mouth openings.

424 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of the possible applications of flow boiling in microchannels in order to highlight the challenges in the thermal management for each application is presented. But, several fundamental issues are still not understood and this hinders the transition from laboratory research to commercial applications.

325 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a historical perspective of the progress made in understanding the underlying mechanisms in single-phase liquid flow and two-phase flow boiling processes and their use in high heat flux removal applications.
Abstract: As the scale of devices becomes small, thermal control and heat dissipation from these devices can be effectively accomplished through the implementation of microchannel passages. The small passages provide a high surface area to volume ratio that enables higher heat transfer rates. High performance microchannel heat exchangers are also attractive in applications where space and/or weight constraints dictate the size of a heat exchanger or where performance enhancement is desired. This survey article provides a historical perspective of the progress made in understanding the underlying mechanisms in single-phase liquid flow and two-phase flow boiling processes and their use in high heat flux removal applications. Future research directions for (i) further enhancing the single-phase heat transfer performance and (ii) enabling practical implementation of flow boiling in microchannel heat exchangers are outlined.

310 citations