“Fly ash and GGBFS based powder-activated geopolymer binders: A viable sustainable alternative of portland cement in concrete industry”
TL;DR: In this article, two types of powder-activated geopolymer binders having different proportions of fly ash and slag were used in comparison with OPC concrete for four different strength grades (40, 50, 65 and 80 MPa).
About: This article is published in Mechanics of Materials.The article was published on 2016-12-01. It has received 103 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Geopolymer & Portland cement.
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TL;DR: In this article, the rapidly developing state-of-the-art of fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites is discussed, focusing on material and geometrical properties of construction fibers, and underlying mechanisms on fiber-binder interaction at fresh and hardened states.
Abstract: There is a burgeoning interest in the development of geopolymers as sustainable construction materials and incombustible inorganic polymers. However, geopolymers show quasi-brittle behavior. To overcome this weakness, hundreds of research have been focused on development, characterization, and implementation of fiber-reinforced geopolymers for a wide range of applications. This paper discusses the rapidly developing state-of-the-art of fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites, focusing on material and geometrical properties of construction fibers, and underlying mechanisms on fiber-binder interaction at fresh and hardened states, mechanical properties, toughening mechanisms, thermal characteristics, and environmental durability. It is intended to build a strong conceptual and technical background for what is currently understood on fiber-reinforced geopolymers by tying the subject together with knowns for other similar cementitious composites rather than a historical report of literature.
289 citations
TL;DR: The increasing demand for green concrete has been spurred by demand for high quality concrete products, desire of nations to reduce green-house gas emission, need for conservation of natural resources and limited landfill spaces as mentioned in this paper.
221 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of silica fume on durability properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete have been investigated by immersing the cubes in 2% sulphuric acid and 5% sodium chloride solutions.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the supply, demand, and cost of these raw materials, including fly ash, slag cement, metakaolin, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, and silica fume.
138 citations
TL;DR: A holistic approach for the first scientometric review on geopolymer concrete is described in this paper, which embraced an all-inclusive review concept using scientometric analysis and science mapping technology, and comprehensive discussion to highlight the most influential publication sources, most used keywords, most active researchers and institutions, as well as literature with the highest impact on the field of Geopolymer concrete.
91 citations
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01 Dec 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the following properties of concrete: Elasticity, Shrinkage and Creep, Durabilty of Concrete, Freezing and Thawing, and Chlorides.
Abstract: 1. Portland Cement. 2. Cementitious Materials Of Different Types. 3. Properties Of Aggregate. 4. Fresh Concrete. 5. Admixtures. 6. Strength Of Concrete. 7. Further Aspects Of Hardened Concrete. 8. Temperature Effects In Concrete. 9. Elasticity, Shrinkage And Creep. 10. Durabilty Of Concrete. 11. Effects Of Freezing And Thawing And Of Chlorides. 12. Testing Of Hardened Concrete. 13. Concretes With Particular Properties. 14. Selection Of Concrete Mix Proportions (Mix Design). Appendices. Index.
5,713 citations
TL;DR: A brief history and review of geopolymer technology is presented with the aim of introducing the technology and the vast categories of materials that may be synthesized by alkali activation of aluminosilicates as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A brief history and review of geopolymer technology is presented with the aim of introducing the technology and the vast categories of materials that may be synthesized by alkali-activation of aluminosilicates. The fundamental chemical and structural characteristics of geopolymers derived from metakaolin, fly ash and slag are explored in terms of the effects of raw material selection on the properties of geopolymer composites. It is shown that the raw materials and processing conditions are critical in determining the setting behavior, workability and chemical and physical properties of geopolymeric products. The structural and chemical characteristics that are common to all geopolymeric materials are presented, as well as those that are determined by the specific interactions occurring in different systems, providing the ability for tailored design of geopolymers to specific applications in terms of both technical and commercial requirements.
3,302 citations
TL;DR: In the last few years, technological progress has been made in the development of new materials such as "geopolymers" and new techniques, such as ''sol-gel'' as mentioned in this paper, opening up new applications and procedures and transforming ideas that have been taken for granted in inorganic chemistry.
Abstract: Spectacular technological progress has been made in the last few years through thedevelopment of new materials such as «geopolymers», and new techniques, such as «sol-gel». New state-of-the-art materials designed with the help of geopolymerization reactions are opening up new applications and procedures and transforming ideas that have been taken for granted in inorganic chemistry. High temperature techniques arc no longer necessary to obtain materials which are ceramic-like in their structures and properties
3,178 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential position of and drivers for inorganic polymers (“geopolymers”) as an element of the push for a sustainable concrete industry are discussed.
1,444 citations
TL;DR: The concrete industry is known to leave an enormous environmental footprint on Planet Earth as discussed by the authors, which contributes to the general appearance that concrete is not particularly environmentally friendly or compatible with the demands of sustainable development.
Abstract: The concrete industry is known to leave an enormous environmental footprint on Planet Earth. First, there are the sheer volumes of material needed to produce the billions of tons of concrete worldwide each year. Then there are the CO2 emissions caused during the production of Portland cement. Together with the energy requirements, water consumption and generation of construction and demolition waste, these factors contribute to the general appearance that concrete is not particularly environmentally friendly or compatible with the demands of sustainable development. This paper summarizes recent developments to improve the situation. Foremost is the increasing use of cementitious materials that can serve as partial substitutes for Portland cement, in particular those materials that are by-products of industrial processes, such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. But also the substitution of various recycled materials for aggregate has made significant progress worldwide, thereby reducing the need to quarry virgin aggregates. The most important ones among these are recycled concrete aggregate, post-consumer glass, scrap tires, plastics, and by-products of the paper and other industries.
1,120 citations