Journal ArticleDOI
Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People
H Charles J Godfray,John Beddington,I. R. Crute,Lawrence Haddad,David Lawrence,James F. Muir,Jules Pretty,Sherman Robinson,Sandy M Thomas,Camilla Toulmin +9 more
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TLDR
A multifaceted and linked global strategy is needed to ensure sustainable and equitable food security, different components of which are explored here.Abstract:
Continuing population and consumption growth will mean that the global demand for food will increase for at least another 40 years. Growing competition for land, water, and energy, in addition to the overexploitation of fisheries, will affect our ability to produce food, as will the urgent requirement to reduce the impact of the food system on the environment. The effects of climate change are a further threat. But the world can produce more food and can ensure that it is used more efficiently and equitably. A multifaceted and linked global strategy is needed to ensure sustainable and equitable food security, different components of which are explored here.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation
C. M. Moore,Matthew M. Mills,Kevin R. Arrigo,Ilana Berman-Frank,Laurent Bopp,Philip W. Boyd,Philip W. Boyd,Eric D. Galbraith,Richard J. Geider,Cécile Guieu,Samuel L Jaccard,Tim Jickells,Timothy M. Lenton,Natalie M. Mahowald,Emilio Marañón,Irina Marinov,J. K. Moore,Takeshi Nakatsuka,Andreas Oschlies,Mak A. Saito,T. F. Thingstad,Atsushi Tsuda,Osvaldo Ulloa +22 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reveal two broad regimes of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the modern upper ocean: Nitrogen availability tends to limit productivity throughout much of the surface low-latitude ocean, where the supply of nutrients from the subsurface is relatively slow.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification
Teja Tscharntke,Yann Clough,Thomas C. Wanger,Thomas C. Wanger,Louise E. Jackson,Iris Motzke,Iris Motzke,Ivette Perfecto,John Vandermeer,Anthony M. Whitbread +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the true value of functional biodiversity on the farm is often inadequately acknowledged or understood, while conventional intensification tends to disrupt beneficial functions of biodiversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rising Temperatures Reduce Global Wheat Production
Senthold Asseng,Frank Ewert,Pierre Martre,Pierre Martre,Reimund P. Rötter,David B. Lobell,Davide Cammarano,Davide Cammarano,Bruce A. Kimball,Michael J. Ottman,Gerard W. Wall,Jeffrey W. White,Matthew P. Reynolds,Phillip D. Alderman,P. V. V. Prasad,Pramod K. Aggarwal,Jakarat Anothai,Jakarat Anothai,Bruno Basso,Christian Biernath,Andrew J. Challinor,Andrew J. Challinor,G. De Sanctis,G. De Sanctis,Jordi Doltra,Elias Fereres,Margarita Garcia-Vila,Sebastian Gayler,Gerrit Hoogenboom,L. A. Hunt,Roberto C. Izaurralde,Roberto C. Izaurralde,Mohamed Jabloun,Curtis D. Jones,Kurt Christian Kersebaum,Ann-Kristin Koehler,Christoph Müller,S. Naresh Kumar,Claas Nendel,Garry O'Leary,Jørgen E. Olesen,Taru Palosuo,Eckart Priesack,Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei,Alex C. Ruane,Mikhail A. Semenov,Iurii Shcherbak,Claudio O. Stöckle,Pierre Stratonovitch,Thilo Streck,Iwan Supit,Fulu Tao,Peter J. Thorburn,Katharina Waha,Enli Wang,Daniel Wallach,Joost Wolf,Zhigan Zhao,Zhigan Zhao,Yan Zhu +59 more
TL;DR: The authors systematically tested 30 different wheat crop models of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project against field experiments in which growing season mean temperatures ranged from 15 degrees C to 32 degrees C, including experiments with artificial heating.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation
Andrew J. Challinor,Andrew J. Challinor,James E. M. Watson,David B. Lobell,SM Howden,Daniel R. Smith,Netra Chhetri +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive summary of studies that simulate climate change impacts on agriculture are reported in a meta-analysis, which suggests that aggregate yield losses should be expected for wheat, rice and maize in temperate and tropical growing regions even under relatively moderate levels of local warming.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reconciling Food Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Land Sharing and Land Sparing Compared
TL;DR: Compared crop yields and densities of bird and tree species across gradients of agricultural intensity in southwest Ghana and northern India, land sparing is a more promising strategy for minimizing negative impacts of food production, at both current and anticipated future levels of production.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt
TL;DR: Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop–based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a “biofuel carbon debt” by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas reductions that these biofuel reductions would provide by displacing fossil fuels.
The state of food insecurity in the world 2011: how does international price volatility affect domestic economies and food security?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the differential impacts that the world food crisis of 2006-2008 had on different countries, with the poorest being most affected, and present policy options to reduce volatility in a cost-effective manner and to manage it when it cannot be avoided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change
David Tilman,Joseph Fargione,Brian G. Wolff,Carla M. D'Antonio,Andrew P. Dobson,Robert W. Howarth,David W. Schindler,William H. Schlesinger,Daniel Simberloff,Deborah L. Swackhamer +9 more
TL;DR: Should past dependences of the global environmental impacts of agriculture on human population and consumption continue, 109 hectares of natural ecosystems would be converted to agriculture by 2050, accompanied by 2.4- to 2.7-fold increases in nitrogen- and phosphorus-driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater, and near-shore marine ecosystems.
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