Food Store Choice Among Urban Slum Women Is Associated With Consumption of Energy-Dense Food.
TL;DR: It was found that frequencies of buying food from small shops, street food vendors, and modern food stores were significantly associated with consumption of snacks, mixed dishes, and fruit respectively.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the associations of food store choice with food consumption among urban slum women. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 188 urban slum women (19-50 years old) in Jakarta, Indonesia. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food consumption. Associations between food consumption and food store choice were tested by linear regression. This study found that frequencies of buying food from small shops (warung), street food vendors, and modern food stores were significantly associated with consumption of snacks, mixed dishes, and fruit respectively. In addition, buying food from traditional markets and small cafes (warung makan) was not significantly associated with particular types of food consumption. As modern food stores are rarely utilized by these women, small shops (warung) and street food vendors are likely to be important channels to improve slum dwellers’ diet.
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TL;DR: Improving the quality of food environment research will be critical to the design of feasible, appropriate, and effective interventions to improve public health nutrition in LMICs, and include the full spectrum of dietary, nutrition, and health outcomes.
140 citations
TL;DR: Efforts are needed for a more widespread and comprehensive assessment of different issues related to street food availability and consumption in different settings, especially regarding street food offer, nutritional composition, and patterns of purchase and consumption by the population.
Abstract: Background Street foods vary with respect to their nutritional value and safety characteristics and contribute to a sizable proportion of food intake in many populations worldwide. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the coverage in the scientific literature of different health-related and socio-economic aspects of street food consumption and trading. Methods Three electronic databases (searched from inception to 16 October 2017), a hand-search of relevant journals and backward citation tracking were used to identify eligible scientific articles with a main objective of investigating or reporting specific results on health-related or socio-economic aspects of street food. Papers published in English, Portuguese, French, Spanish or Italian, as well as English abstracts of papers published in other languages, were assessed. The selected articles were evaluated by two independent researchers and described according to year of publication, geographical distribution, definition of street food, main topics addressed and target population. Results In total, 441 papers were selected. The number of publications has increased in recent years, almost half of them being published after 2012. Almost three-quarter of the articles were from Africa or Asia. Most studies addressed food safety (85.5%), whereas street food availability and consumption were much less frequently investigated (30.3%). The focus of the studies was usually the food (mostly its microbiological contamination) and the vendors (mostly their food handling), whereas consumers and vending sites were seldom evaluated. More than half of the studies did not specify a definition for street food. Conclusions Efforts are needed for a more widespread and comprehensive assessment of different issues related to street food availability and consumption in different settings, especially regarding street food offer, nutritional composition, and patterns of purchase and consumption by the population.
69 citations
TL;DR: Fixed effect regression suggests that transition from rural to urban residence is not significantly associated with changes in food expenditures for any of the outcomes examined, and there is some evidence that moving specifically to Jakarta is associated with some change towards 'Western' food preferences.
34 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that child feeding practices are influenced by interlinked social and environmental factors, and nutrition education campaigns should focus on targeting not only families but also their children.
Abstract: Mothers carry the prime responsibility for childcare and feeding in low-income countries. Understanding their experiences in providing food for their children is paramount to informing efforts to improve the nutritional status of children. Such information is lacking in Sub-Saharan Africa. To understand what influences urban mothers' food acquisition and their motivations for selecting food for their children, 36 in-depth interviews were carried out with mothers having children under five years of age. Interviews were conducted in the local language, audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis which led to the identification of four major themes: mothers give-in to a child-driven diet; quick-fix versus the privilege of planning; keen awareness on food safety, nutrition, and diet diversity; and social, familial, and cultural influences. The findings indicate that child feeding practices are influenced by interlinked social and environmental factors. Hence, nutrition education campaigns should focus on targeting not only families but also their children. Attention should also be given to food safety regulations, as well as to the much-needed support of mothers who are struggling to ensure their children's survival in low-income countries.
29 citations
Cites background from "Food Store Choice Among Urban Slum ..."
...In financially constrained African cities, energy-dense but cheap nutrient-poor foods have become more accessible compared to healthy foods [6,22]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the impact of urbanization on food consumption, food composition, as well as farming performance, and found that food composition remained stable, dominated by rice, due to lower-income and higher nonfood expenditures of urban inhabitants mainly for housing, transportation, water and energy.
Abstract: Urbanization has become a global phenomenon that affects the food system. Some studies revealed that urbanization increases income/capita, thus transforming food consumption from cereals to animal products, vegetables, and fruits. Urbanization, particularly in developing countries, not only produces economic benefits but also various issues that might lessen peoples’ capacity to afford food. This study aims to analyze the impact of urbanization on food consumption, food composition, as well as farming performance. Series of consumption data since 1976 and statistical descriptive approaches were employed. The results showed a trend of declining the share of food expenditures, especially in urban areas, which is commonly regarded as a sign of increasing prosperity. Surprisingly, food composition remained stable, dominated by rice, due to lower-income and higher non-food expenditures of urban inhabitants mainly for housing, transportation, water and energy. The stagnancy of food composition provides less incentive for farmers; thus, farming is dominated by low-revenue paddy fields, uneducated laborers, and older farmers. Based on these findings, some recommendations can be suggested: (1) incorporating food composition and farming performance into food security policies, instead of merely focusing on the compliance of food supply and demand, (2) linking food issues with non-food issues, especially with urban planning, housing development, and transportation management to increase the income capacity of the society to purchase a greater variety of food, and (3) developing food diversification served by urban food vendors to support the benefits of the farming business.
16 citations
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TL;DR: Rapid increases in the rates of obesity and overweight are widely documented, from urban and rural areas in the poorest countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia to populations in countries with higher income levels.
Abstract: Decades ago, discussion of an impending global pandemic of obesity was thought of as heresy. But in the 1970s, diets began to shift towards increased reliance upon processed foods, increased away-from-home food intake, and increased use of edible oils and sugar-sweetened beverages. Reductions in physical activity and increases in sedentary behavior began to be seen as well. The negative effects of these changes began to be recognized in the early 1990s, primarily in low- and middle-income populations, but they did not become clearly acknowledged until diabetes, hypertension, and obesity began to dominate the globe. Now, rapid increases in the rates of obesity and overweight are widely documented, from urban and rural areas in the poorest countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia to populations in countries with higher income levels. Concurrent rapid shifts in diet and activity are well documented as well. An array of large-scale programmatic and policy measures are being explored in a few countries; however, few countries are engaged in serious efforts to prevent the serious dietary challenges being faced.
3,215 citations
Book•
18 Jan 1990
TL;DR: Assessment of nutrient intakes from food consumption data and the status of vitamins, A, D, and E, and niacin, and trace element status and nutritional assessment of hospital patients.
Abstract: PART 1: INTRODUCTION PART 2: FOOD CONSUMPTION AT THE NATIONAL AND HOUSEHOLD LEVELS PART 3: MEASURING FOOD CONSUMPTION OF INDIVIDUALS PART 4: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT INTAKES FROM FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA PART 5: MEASUREMENT ERRORS IN DIETARY ASSESSMENT PART 6: REPRODUCIBILITY IN DIETARY ASSESSMENT PART 7: VALIDITY IN DIETARY ASSESSMENT METHODS PART 8: EVALUATION OF NUTRIENT INTAKES AND DIETS PART 9: ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT PART 10: ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF BODY SIZE PART 11: ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION PART 12: ANTHROPOMETRIC REFERENCE DATA PART 13: EVALUATION OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES PART 14: LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION PART 15: LABORATORY ASSESSMENT PART 16: ASSESSMENT OF PROTEIN STATUS PART 17: ASSESSMENT OF IRON STATUS PART 18: ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF VITAMINS A, D AND E PART 19: ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN C STATUS PART 20: ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF THIAMIN, RIBOFLAVIN, AND NIACIN PART 21: ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN B6 STATUS PART 22: ASSESSMENT OF FOLATE AND VITAMIN B12 STATUS PART 23: ASSESSMENT OF CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESIUM STATUS PART 24: ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIUM, COPPER AND ZINC STATUS PART 25: ASSESSMENT OF IODINE AND SELENIUM STATUS PART 26: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT PART 27: NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HOSPITAL PATIENTS
2,929 citations
TL;DR: A broad range of strategies were recommended to reduce obesity prevalence including influencing the food supply to make healthy choices easier; reducing the marketing of energy dense foods and beverages to children; influencing urban environments and transport systems to promote physical activity.
Abstract: Objective: To review the evidence on the diet and nutrition causes of obesity and to recommend strategies to reduce obesity prevalence Design: The evidence for potential aetiological factors and strategies to reduce obesity prevalence was reviewed, and recommendations for public health action, population nutrition goals and further research were made Results: Protective factors against obesity were considered to be: regular physical activity (convincing); a high intake of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)/fibre (convincing); supportive home and school environments for children (probable); and breastfeeding (probable) Risk factors for obesity were considered to be sedentary lifestyles (convincing); a high intake of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods (convincing); heavy marketing of energy-dense foods and fast food outlets (probable); sugar-sweetened soft drinks and fruit juices (probable); adverse social and economic conditions—developed countries, especially in women (probable) A broad range of strategies were recommended to reduce obesity prevalence including: influencing the food supply to make healthy choices easier; reducing the marketing of energy dense foods and beverages to children; influencing urban environments and transport systems to promote physical activity; developing community-wide programmes in multiple settings; increased communications about healthy eating and physical activity; and improved health services to promote breastfeeding and manage currently overweight or obese people Conclusions: The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major health threat in both low- and high income countries Comprehensive programmes will be needed to turn the epidemic around
1,137 citations
"Food Store Choice Among Urban Slum ..." refers background in this paper
...Some potential interventions may include the following: (1) work with “ibu PKK” (community family welfare) to open small shops (warung) and small cafes (warung makan) that provide healthy food (eg, fruit, vegetable dishes), (2) put “healthy” banners and signs to alert purchasers to the availability of healthy products in small shops and cafes that provide healthy choices, (3) provide calorie stickers (labeling of the calorie content of products) for street food vendors to raise public awareness of the calorie content of foods in their surroundings, (4) increase awareness of obesity among women through routine body weight and body fat monitoring using existing community health channels, and (5) collaborate with volunteer community health workers to ensure the sustainability of the program....
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904 citations
TL;DR: When the number of animals to be used can best be estimated from previous experience and when a simple power and sample size calculation should be performed are discussed.
Abstract: Scientists who use animals in research must justify the number of animals to be used, and committees that review proposals to use animals in research must review this justification to ensure the appropriateness of the number of animals to be used. This article discusses when the number of animals to be used can best be estimated from previous experience and when a simple power and sample size calculation should be performed. Even complicated experimental designs requiring sophisticated statistical models for analysis can usually be simplified to a single key or critical question so that simple formulae can be used to estimate the required sample size. Approaches to sample size estimation for various types of hypotheses are described, and equations are provided in the Appendix. Several web sites are cited for more information and for performing actual calculations.
811 citations