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Journal ArticleDOI

Forage yield and quality of intercropped corn and soybean in narrow strips

01 Sep 2010-Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA))-Vol. 8, Iss: 3, pp 713-721
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared corn-soybean intercrop in narrow strips with corn as monocrop in terms of dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality.
Abstract: Maize-soybean intercropping can increase forage quality with no detrimental effect on dry matter (DM) yield. The objective of this study was to compare corn-soybean intercrop in narrow strips with corn as monocrop in terms of DM yield and forage quality. This study was conducted in Matamoros, Coahuila (Mexico) in 2006 and 2007. Intercrops were established in rows spaced 0.50 m apart, evaluating alternate corn-soybean strips with one, two, three, and four rows per crop, and a treatment using an alternate twin-row planting pattern per crop, with a 1.0-m row-spacing. As control treatments, monocrops of corn in rows 0.76 m apart and soybean in rows 0.50 m apart were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with four replications was employed. Corn-soybean intercrop produced DM yields similar to those of monocropped corn due to higher corn yields in border rows adjacent to soybean. Crude protein (CP) yields per hectare in intercrop treatments were higher (27.5 to 42.8%) than those of monocropped corn, due to greater CP concentrations in intercrops (16 to 21 g kg ‐1 ). When soybean was harvested at the beginning maturity stage (R7), neutral detergent fiber concentration was reduced by 60 to 63 g kg ‐1 in corn-soybean intercropping compared to corn monocrop. Acid detergent fiber was not altered by intercropping. Results indicate that maize-soybean intercrop in narrow strips can provide forage quality advantages without affecting yield. Additional key words: chemical composition, dry matter and ear yields, dry matter partitioning, Glycine max, intraspecific competition, Zea mays.

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Citations
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30 Jun 2017
TL;DR: The response of yellow lupine to the neighbouring occurrence of oats and spring triticale, as well as the effect of Fabaceae on spring cereals and an estimation of the production effects of strip intercropping of those species were found.
Abstract: Background. The work uses the results from two field experiments on mixed sowings carried out in the years 2005–2012 at the experimental station in Mochelek (53o 13’ N; 17o 51’ E). The aim of the studies was to find the response of yellow lupine to the neighbouring occurrence of oats and spring triticale, as well as the effect of Fabaceae on spring cereals and an estimation of the production effects of strip intercropping of those species. Material and methods. The experimental factor was the position of a plant row on the plot: four rows into the plot away from the neighbouring species. The first row (contact row) was situated 12.5 cm away from the first row of the neighbouring species. The experimental unit was the subsequent plant rows, each 4 meter-long. The proximity of yellow lupine and oat plants was studied in the first experiment and yellow lupine and spring triticale in the second experiment. Results. The proximity of oats was unfavourable to yellow lupine plants, and the effect was statistically confirmed in the row directly adjacent to oats. A negative effect also occurred in the subsequent row, although it was smaller and in most cases not significant. The proximity of spring triticale was also unfavourable to yellow lupine plants, but to a smaller extent than in the case of oats and was limited only to the first, directly adjacent row of yellow lupine. On the other hand spring triticale, and especially oats, responded positively to the proximity of yellow lupine, but the effect occurred only in the first plant row. Conclusion. It was estimated that in strip intercropping of oats with yellow lupine and of spring triticale with yellow lupine, with 3 meter-long strips, up to 13.9% higher oat yields and 5.57% triticale yields may be obtained, but at the same time lower, by 0.62-2.13%, yellow lupine yields may be obtained than in pure sowing.

10 citations


Cites background from "Forage yield and quality of intercr..."

  • ...Studies on the conditions and effects of the strip intercropping system have been carried out in various foreign centres (Sanchez et al., 2010; Gou et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017), as well as in Polish stations (Burczyk, 1999; Głowacka, 2010; Głowacka, 2014)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated different harvesting times of forage cluster bean accessions sown as companion crops with forage sorghum under irrigated conditions, and concluded that the highest quality forage with the maximum crude protein and ether extractable fat and lowest crude fiber was recorded by BR-99 harvested at 50% pod formation, while BR-90 did not perform at par at all harvesting times.
Abstract: Harvesting time and type of accession of forage legumes are important factors to determine their performance as companion crops for cereals. The objective of this multi-year field trial was to evaluate different harvesting times of forage cluster bean accessions sown as companion crops with forage sorghum under irrigated conditions. Treatments included two accessions (BR-90 and BR-99) and four harvesting times (pre-flowering, complete flowering, 50 and 100% pod formation). The BR-99 accession harvested at 100% pod formation had greater performance with respect to green forage yield (20.42 t·ha-1) and dry matter biomass (5.80 t·ha-1) and it was statistically at par within the same accession harvested at 50% pod formation. The highest quality forage with the maximum crude protein and ether extractable fat and lowest crude fiber was recorded by BR-99 harvested at 50% pod formation, while BR-90 did not perform at par at all harvesting times. Harvesting of BR-99 at 100% pod formation also resulted in the highest net income along with the benefit-cost ratio. The harvesting of BR-99 at 50 and 100% pod formation resulted in non-significant differences of forage yields and economic returns, however, the quality of cluster bean forage deteriorated at 100% pod formation thus harvesting at 50% pod formation would be preferred.

8 citations

DOI
08 May 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of field experiments on mixed sowings carried out in the years 2008-2010 at Mochelek near Bydgoszcz (53°13’ N; 17°51’ E) were used.
Abstract: Background. Strip intercropping brings together the advantages of pure sowing and intercropping, but its production value depends on the reciprocal effect of the various species at the contact point of neighbouring rows of different plant species. The aim of the experiments was to find out the response of spring barley to the neighbouring occurrence of spring wheat, spring triticale, pea and yellow lupine and to estimate the production effects of strip intercropping of barley in the proximity of those species. Material and methods. In this study, the results of field experiments on mixed sowings carried out in the years 2008–2010 at Mochelek near Bydgoszcz (53°13’ N; 17°51’ E) were used. Experimental factor was the position of plant row on the plot: four rows into the plot away from the respective neighbouring species. First row (contact row) was situated 12.5 cm away from the first row of the respective neighbouring species. Experimental unit was subsequent plant rows, each 4 meters long. Results. Proximity of spring wheat and spring triticale was unfavourable to the growth and yield of spring barley, especially in the row directly adjacent to the field with the above species. No significant effect was found of the vicinity of pea to spring barley plants. Estimated decrease in barley yield in strip intercropping, with 3-m-wide strips and bilateral proximity of wheat, triticale and pea, would amount to 2.76%, 4.25% and 3.21%, respectively. However, the direct neighbourhood of yellow lupine caused a slight increase in the plant mass, including straw, the number of grains per spike and grain yield, but only in the first row. Estimated increase in the yield of spring barley grown in strip intercropping with yellow lupine, with 3-m- -wide strips, was small and would amount to only 0.58%. Conclusion. Selection of plant species adjacent to spring barley in strip intercropping has a significant effect on results of its cultivation.

7 citations


Cites background from "Forage yield and quality of intercr..."

  • ...Thanks to this, biodiversity of the agroecosystem and the possibility of using positive interspecies interactions are preserved, and with the appropriate width of strips, it is possible to implement agrotechnical recommendations for particular species [Burczyk, 2003; Gałęzewski et al., 2017; Sanchez et al., 2010; Głowacka 2014; Gou et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017]....

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  • ...…of using positive interspecies interactions are preserved, and with the appropriate width of strips, it is possible to implement agrotechnical recommendations for particular species [Burczyk, 2003; Gałęzewski et al., 2017; Sanchez et al., 2010; Głowacka 2014; Gou et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Maize+soybean intercrop forage yield and silage quality using crops with different maturity cycle combination results in higher silage crude protein percentage and yield per area (Kg of CP ha-1).
Abstract: The success of maize+soybean intercrop depends on the correct synchronism between species phenological stages at the silage point. Due to it, the experiment was carried out to evaluate maize+soybean intercrop forage yield and silage quality using crops with different maturity cycle combination. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of two maize hybrids (1: P1630YHR-early cycle and 2: middle cycle P30F53VYHR) and two soybean cultivars (P95R51-maturity cycle of 5.1; TMG7062-maturity cycle of 6.2) and one control represented by maize monocrop. Silage harvesting was performed when maize had reached 2/3 milk line stage. Intercropping soybean into maize did not affect its biomass yield. Both soybean cultivars present compatible cycles for ensiling together with maize hybrids, since they were in phenological stages from R5.3 to R7 by the time maize was at its optimum stage for ensiling. There was interaction between species for the soybean biomass yield. Maize hybrid P30F53 produced higher biomass yield than P1630 what also resulted in higher amount of total crude protein yield. Intercrop P1630-P95R51 produced 458 Kg ha-1 of crude protein more than maize monocrop. Maize+soybean intercropping system results in higher silage crude protein percentage and yield per area (Kg of CP ha-1).

7 citations


Cites background or result from "Forage yield and quality of intercr..."

  • ...Sánchez et al. (2010) reported that maize+soybean intercropping caused a 62 to 70% decrease in soybean DM yield in relation to its monocrop....

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  • ...According to Sánchez et al. (2010), crude protein content in maize+soybean silage from intercrops was 16 to 22 g kg-1 greater than in forage from monocropped maize....

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  • ...It is mainly grown for grain and oil production, however, research have been showing its potential to be intercropped with maize (grow both species together at the same time and the same piece of land) (Sánchez et al., 2010)....

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  • ...Results corroborate with those observed by Sánchez et al. (2010) which only found lower fiber content, at the treatments with more than 10% of soybean into the silage....

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  • ...According to Sánchez et al. (2010), soybean forage fiber concentration varied according to its phenological stage....

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Journal ArticleDOI
16 Apr 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of field experiments conducted as part of research on mixed sowings carried out in 2008-2010 in Mochelek near Bydgoszcz (53o13' N; 17o51' E).
Abstract: Background. Because of its relatively low soil requirements and resistance to abiotic stress spring triticale is potentially a good component of mixtures (intercropping). The technologically easiest to use type of this agricultural method, i.e. mixed intercropping, despite having many advantages is not, unfortunately, gaining in importance due to problems related to crop protection and the variable composition of yield. An alternative is strip intercropping, which combines the advantages of pure sowing and intercropping. The production value of such cultivation depends on mutual interactions at the junction of neighbouring rows of different plant species. The aim of the undertaken experiments was to find out the response of spring triticale to the neighbouring occurrence of wheat, barley, pea and yellow lupine and to estimate the production effects of strip intercropping of triticale in the vicinity of plants of these species. Material and methods. This study uses the results of field experiments conducted as part of research on mixed sowings carried out in 2008–2010 in Mochelek near Bydgoszcz (53o13’ N; 17o51’ E). The experimental factor was the location of a plant row, within a strip, for the first four rows into the strip from the neighbouring species. The first row (contact row) was 12.5 cm away from the first row of the neighbouring species. The experimental unit was subsequent plant rows each four metres long. Results. Proximity of spring wheat, spring barley and pea was unfavourable for the growth and yield of spring triticale, especially in the row directly adjacent to a stand of the indicated species. The estimated reduction in triticale yield in strip intercropping, with three-meter wide strips in the two-sided neighbourhood of wheat, barley and pea, would amount to 2.67%, 4.85% and 4.36%, respectively. On the other hand, the proximity of yellow lupine resulted in a slight increase in the plant mass, including straw, the number of grains per spike and in grain yield, but only in the first row. The estimated increase in the yield of spring triticale grown in strip intercropping with yellow lupine, in 3-m-wide strips, was small and only amounted to 1.45%. Conclusion. The selection of plant species to neighbour with spring triticale in strip intercropping had a significant impact on the effect of spring triticale cultivation.

7 citations


Cites background from "Forage yield and quality of intercr..."

  • ...Analternative is strip intercropping, because with the right width of strips it is possible to optimize the cultivation technology for individual species (Burczyk, 2003; Sanchez et al., 2010; Głowacka, 2014; Gou et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017)....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, an updated procedure for calculating reference and crop evapotranspiration from meteorological data and crop coefficients is presented, based on the FAO Penman-Monteith method.
Abstract: (First edition: 1998, this reprint: 2004). This publication presents an updated procedure for calculating reference and crop evapotranspiration from meteorological data and crop coefficients. The procedure, first presented in FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, Crop water requirements, in 1977, allows estimation of the amount of water used by a crop, taking into account the effect of the climate and the crop characteristics. The publication incorporates advances in research and more accurate procedures for determining crop water use as recommended by a panel of high-level experts organised by FAO in May 1990. The first part of the guidelines includes procedures for determining reference crop evapotranspiration according to the FAO Penman-Monteith method. These are followed by updated procedures for estimating the evapotranspiration of different crops for different growth stages and ecological conditions.

21,958 citations

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8,143 citations