Forage yield and quality of intercropped corn and soybean in narrow strips
01 Sep 2010-Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA))-Vol. 8, Iss: 3, pp 713-721
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared corn-soybean intercrop in narrow strips with corn as monocrop in terms of dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality.
Abstract: Maize-soybean intercropping can increase forage quality with no detrimental effect on dry matter (DM) yield. The objective of this study was to compare corn-soybean intercrop in narrow strips with corn as monocrop in terms of DM yield and forage quality. This study was conducted in Matamoros, Coahuila (Mexico) in 2006 and 2007. Intercrops were established in rows spaced 0.50 m apart, evaluating alternate corn-soybean strips with one, two, three, and four rows per crop, and a treatment using an alternate twin-row planting pattern per crop, with a 1.0-m row-spacing. As control treatments, monocrops of corn in rows 0.76 m apart and soybean in rows 0.50 m apart were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with four replications was employed. Corn-soybean intercrop produced DM yields similar to those of monocropped corn due to higher corn yields in border rows adjacent to soybean. Crude protein (CP) yields per hectare in intercrop treatments were higher (27.5 to 42.8%) than those of monocropped corn, due to greater CP concentrations in intercrops (16 to 21 g kg ‐1 ). When soybean was harvested at the beginning maturity stage (R7), neutral detergent fiber concentration was reduced by 60 to 63 g kg ‐1 in corn-soybean intercropping compared to corn monocrop. Acid detergent fiber was not altered by intercropping. Results indicate that maize-soybean intercrop in narrow strips can provide forage quality advantages without affecting yield. Additional key words: chemical composition, dry matter and ear yields, dry matter partitioning, Glycine max, intraspecific competition, Zea mays.
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TL;DR: White lupin can be used as a silage raw material, but plants before ensiling should be partially wilted and silage additives should be applied.
Abstract: A two-factor field experiment with white lupin cv. Butan was carried out. The first factor was the green forage harvest date (the flat pod stage – Cut 1 and the stage of green ripe seeds – Cut 2), while the second one – application of silage additives: biological (strains of lactic acid bacteria) and chemical (a mixture of organic acids), and the control treatment (without additives). In Cut 2 higher fresh matter (FM) and dry matter (DM) yields were obtained. Silage inoculated with the biological additive contained a significantly greater count of lactic acid bacteria. Both additives reduced counts the Clostridium bacteria, yeasts and mould fungi. The silage with the chemical additive had a three-fold higher content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), while the biological additive increased lactic acid (LA) levels. White lupin can be used as a silage raw material, but plants before ensiling should be partially wilted and silage additives should be applied
6 citations
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...The DM yield of soybean intercropped with corn is also higher (Reta Sanchez et al., 2010)....
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TL;DR: It was determined that yellow lupine was most intolerant of barley and least affected by the proximity of peas, and strip intercropping presented a viable alternative for the production effect.
Abstract: Taking into account the climatic conditions of central Europe, yellow lupine is often considered as an alternative to soybean, which has significantly higher thermal requirements. Attempts to intercrop yellow lupine with cereals have often resulted in failure. In combined production, the relative amount of lupine has proven to be considerably smaller given the sowing mix proportions and its yield potential in pure stand. Low yield is attributed to lupine’s low competitive potential, therefore strip intercropping presents a viable alternative. The main goal of the experiment was to determine the response of yellow lupine to the neighboring presence of wheat, triticale, barley, and pea, as well as to estimate the production effects of lupine in strip intercropping. Field trials were carried out in Poland (53°13′ N; 17°51′ E) in the years 2008–2010. The experimental factor consisted of row layout: a four-row separation between lupine and the neighboring species. The proximity of cereals and peas proved to be most unfavorable to yellow lupine. It was determined that yellow lupine was most intolerant of barley and least affected by the proximity of peas. Depending on the neighboring species, adverse effects extended up to the third row of lupine’s canopy. A beneficial alternative for the production effect involves an introduction of a path separating the lupine strip from the tested species.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a two-year field trial, conducted in Northern Egypt, productivity of soybean and fodder maize, as well as the quality of maize herbage, were investigated under three sowing schedules, with maize harvested at green fodder maturity (GFM), and silage maturity (SM).
Abstract: The incorporation of both food and forage crops in an intercropping system is receiving increasing attention, especially in developing countries with increasing populations and limited resources. In a two-year (2019–2020) field trial, conducted in Northern Egypt, productivity of soybean and fodder maize, as well as the quality of maize herbage, were investigated under three sowing schedules; soybean and maize sown together, and maize sown 15 and 30 days after soybean, in addition to soybean and fodder maize sown in pure stands, with maize harvested at green fodder maturity (GFM), and silage maturity (SM). Harvesting fodder maize at SM resulted in higher herbage yield than harvesting it at GFM, yet it negatively affected the soybean productivity. However, this negative impact was offset when fodder maize sowing was delayed 30 days after soybean sowing. Maize harvested at GFM was characterized by a higher leaf component, which was reflected in its higher crude protein content, yet the decline in quality with advanced maturity was to a great extent, counterbalanced by the presence of high-quality ears in maize harvested at SM. This was clear in its lower fiber and higher non-fiber carbohydrate contents. Land equivalent ratio (LER) demonstrated yield advantage with the delayed sowing of fodder maize (LER > 1), while the dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) associated the yield advantage with the late harvesting of fodder maize at SM (DMER > 1), across all sowing schedules, which was more realistic for an additive intercropping model where the dry matter is the economic component. In a soybean-fodder maize intercropping system, whether fodder maize will be cultivated for green feeding or for silage production, it is recommended that sowing is delayed until 30 days after the soybean, in order to maximize yield advantage and land use efficiency.
5 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the prospects for crop production and cropping systems under the constraint of limited irrigation water in the Nile Delta, a constraint that is predicted to arise in the coming several decades, are discussed.
Abstract: The prospects for crop production and cropping systems under the constraint of limited irrigation water in the Nile Delta, a constraint that is predicted to arise in the coming several decades, are discussed. Drip and strip irrigation methods are regarded as effective water-saving cultivation methods based on measurements of the productivity, quality, and water use efficiency of major crops, while the effects of extended irrigation intervals and mulching with crop residue are limited. Further analysis has indicated that strip irrigation requires less irrigation water in fewer furrows and provides even higher yields than those obtained using extended irrigation intervals, probably because better aeration in the soil improves root development in strip irrigation. Salt-tolerant varieties of maize, rice, and wheat were selected by evaluating their germination, growth, photosynthesis, and yield at different levels of sodium chloride. The intercropping of maize with soybeans and of wheat with Egyptian clover was proposed to improve total productivity while reducing evaporation by covering the soil surface with companion crops, thereby increasing water-use efficiency. In particular, intercropping cereals with legumes and providing forage that is a mixture of these crops rather than cereals alone improves forage quality. A soil water deficit under high temperature conditions reduces the forage value, and maize grown under drip irrigation has a lower forage quality than that grown under furrow irrigation , suggesting that a continuous water supply is important for maintaining the forage value even in water-saving cultivations.
5 citations
25 Jan 2020
TL;DR: Misir bitkisi yuksek verimliligi, mekanizasyona uygunlugu ve silolanmasinin kolay olmasi gibi bircok avantajlari nedeniyle dunyanin her yerinde silaj amaciyla en fazla yetistirilen bitkidir.
Abstract: Maize is the most cultivated plant for silage making in all over the World due to its many advantages such as producing high yield, suitable for mechanization and easy to ensile. However, the most important shortcoming property of maize silage is insufficiency of protein content. This study was planned for resolving this problem to a certain extent by growing maize with legume in the field as intercrop without any decrease in maize stand. Silage pH was significantly decreased in all intercropping patterns, regardless to legume, compared to sole maize, however, all pH values were enough low indicating a sufficient fermentation has occurred in the silo. Intercropping maize with soybean increased dry matter recovery (DMR), dry matter intake (DMI) and relative feed value (RFV) compared to sole crop maize. The NDF values of intercropped maize were better than that of pure maize resulting increases in DMI. Intercropping maize with any legumes caused an increase in crude protein (CP) content.
4 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, an updated procedure for calculating reference and crop evapotranspiration from meteorological data and crop coefficients is presented, based on the FAO Penman-Monteith method.
Abstract: (First edition: 1998, this reprint: 2004). This publication presents an updated procedure for calculating reference and crop evapotranspiration from meteorological data and crop coefficients. The procedure, first presented in FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, Crop water requirements, in 1977, allows estimation of the amount of water used by a crop, taking into account the effect of the climate and the crop characteristics. The publication incorporates advances in research and more accurate procedures for determining crop water use as recommended by a panel of high-level experts organised by FAO in May 1990. The first part of the guidelines includes procedures for determining reference crop evapotranspiration according to the FAO Penman-Monteith method. These are followed by updated procedures for estimating the evapotranspiration of different crops for different growth stages and ecological conditions.
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