Formation and characterization of borohydride reduced electroless nickel deposits
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of electroless Ni-B deposits and evaluation of their characteristic properties were studied. And the corrosion resistance of Ni-b deposits, in 3.5% sodium chloride solution, both in as-plated and heat-treated (450°C/1 h) conditions, was also evaluated by potentiostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance studies.
About: This article is published in Journal of Alloys and Compounds.The article was published on 2004-02-25. It has received 136 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electroless nickel & Nickel boride.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the mechanical and physical properties of electroless Nickel Boron as potential printed circuit board coating layer and found that the surface roughness and hardness resistance were affected by Sodium Borohydrate (NaBH4) that correlate with the surface microstructure.
Abstract: Electroless Nickel Boron had been appointed as potential coating in several applications in industry like aeronatics, petrochemical industry, electronics and firearms due to its desirable physical and mechanical properties such as high wear resistance and high hardness including provides uniformity in coating thickness. However, in semiconductor sector, the usage of Nickel Boron as coating layer still insufficient due to lack of study in term of its potential as coating on printed circuit board. This study aims to investigate the mechanical and physical properties of electroless Nickel Boron as potential printed circuit board coating layer. The study conducted by cutting Copper substrates to 50mm x 7mm x 1.5mm and then subjected to surface pre-treatment before soak in Nickel Boron plating bath solution that contain of different concentration of Sodium Borohydrate (NaBH4), 0.4, 0.6,0.8,1.0 and 1.2 g/l. Surface roughness was evaluated using 3D Roughness Reconstruction software. For mechanical properties, the hardness test was conducted by using Vickers Hardness Test MMT-X7 Matsuzawa and surface structure was evaluate using ProgRes C3 IM7200 Optical Microscope and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). It was found that the surface roughness and hardness resistance were affected by Sodium Borohydrate (NaBH4) that correlate with the surface microstructure.
1 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the formation theory of electroless amorphous alloys, which consists of the quantitative formation theory for the binary, ternary, and quaternary electroless plating systems, is presented.
Abstract: This is a brand new subject in electroless plating (EP). No one has referred to this subject in the existing EP books. Three parts of contents are included. The first part is the general description of formation of electroless amorphous alloys. Although it is only a qualitative description, but people can get a clear idea of the formation of electroless amorphous alloys from it. The second part is the quantitative formation theory of electroless amorphous alloys, which consists of the quantitative formation theory for the binary, ternary, and quaternary EP amorphous alloy systems. The third part is the experimental facts and theoretical calculation of the formation range of electroless amorphous alloys including binary, ternary, and quaternary alloy systems.
1 citations
10 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed electro deposition of RuO2-TiO2 coatings on Ti substrates via hydrolysis by electro generated based of TiCl4 and RuCl3 salts dissolved in mixed methyl alcohol-water solvent in presence of hydrogen peroxide for one, three and six layer.
Abstract: TiO2 and RuO2 have many applications in the field of photocataliysis, environmental protection, high charge storage capacity devices and etc. Electro deposition offers advantages such as rigid control of film thickness, uniformity and deposition rate. Electro deposition of RuO2-TiO2 coatings on Ti substrates was performed via hydrolysis by electro generated based of TiCl4 and RuCl3 salts dissolved in mixed methyl alcohol-water solvent in presence of hydrogen peroxide for one, three and six layer. The obtained coatings have been heated in electric furnace at 500 ˚C. Results show that coating with six layers on Ti substrate is the useful coating
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The Electroless Plating: Fundamentals and Applications (ESPA) as discussed by the authors is a comprehensive text that covers both fundamental and applied aspects of electroless deposition, and was first introduced at SUR/FIN '91.
Abstract: Many texts have been written on surface finishing over the years that deal with electroless deposition as a sidelight. Through the talents and efforts of Glenn Mallory and Juan Hajdu, a comprehensive text, entitled Electroless Plating: Fundamentals and Applications, is available through AESF Headquarters. The editors have combined the efforts of 27 contributing authors to produce a wide-ranging text that covers both fundamental and applied aspects of the subject. Published by the AESF, the book was first introduced at SUR/FIN ‘91—Toronto.
963 citations
Patent•
23 Sep 1968
TL;DR: HIGH STABILITY, AUTOCATALYTIC ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING BATH COMPRISING an AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINing about 0.08-016 MOLE/LITER NICKels IONS, about 019-0.38 MOLE / LITER HYPOPHOSPHITE IONS and ESSENTIALLY about 035-3.14 MOLE or Liter CITRATE IONS as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: HIGH STABILITY, AUTOCATALYTIC ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING BATH COMPRISING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING ABOUT 0.08-016 MOLE/LITER NICKEL IONS, ABOUT 0.19-0.38 MOLE/ LITER HYPOPHOSPHITE IONS, AND ESSENTIALLY ABOUT 0.35-3.68 MOLE/LITER AMMONIUM IONS, ABOUT 0.0.-1.07 MOLE/LITER ACETATE ION AND ABOUT 0.007-0.14 MOLE/LITER CITRATE IONS, THE SOLUTION HAVING A PH IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 7.0 TO ABOUT 9.5 THE AMMONIUM IONS COMPLEX PALLADOUS IONS INTRODUCED INTO THE PLATING BATH BY "DRAG OUT" FROM THE ACTIVATOR SOLUTION TO FORM A SOLUBLE AMMONIUM-PALLADIUM COMPLEX, WHICH INHIBITS REDUCTION OF PALLADOUS ION TO ZERO VALENT CATALYTIC PALLADIUM BY THE HYPOPHOSPHITE OF THE BATH. BY THE REMOVAL OF POTENTIAL CATALYST SITES FROM THE BATH OR BY RENDERING THE POTENTIAL SITES RELATIVELY CATALYTICALLY INACTIVE, RANDOM DEPOSITION OF THE NICKEL AND PREMATURE LOSS OF THE BATH IS AVOIDED.
154 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the same fundamental reaction is occurring on all the coatings of the present study but over a different effective area in each case, which can be attributed to the decrease in the effective metallic area prone to corrosion.
Abstract: Electroless Ni-P composite coatings have gained a good deal of popularity and acceptance in recent years as they provide considerable improvement of desirable qualities such as hardness, wear, abrasion resistance, etc. The disagreement among researchers on the corrosion behaviour of these coatings warrants a thorough investigation. Among the various techniques available for the determination of corrosion resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is considered to be superior as it provides not only an assessment of the corrosion resistance of different deposits but also enables the mechanistic pathway by which the deposits become corroded to be determined. The present investigation focuses on the evaluation of the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Si3N4, Ni-P-CeO2 and Ni-P-TiO2 composite coatings produced using an acidic hypophosphite-reduced electroless nickel bath, using EIS. The study makes evident that the same fundamental reaction is occurring on all the coatings of the present study but over a different effective area in each case. The charge transfer resistance of electroless Ni-P and Ni-P composite deposits are in the range 32,253–90,700 Ω cm2, whereas the capacitances of these coatings are in the range 11–17 µF/cm2. The improved corrosion resistance obtained for electroless Ni-P and Ni-P composite coatings is due to the enrichment of phosphorus on the electrode surface, which enables the preferential hydrolysis of phosphorus over that of nickel. The better corrosion resistance obtained for electroless Ni-P composite coatings can be ascribed to the decrease in the effective metallic area prone to corrosion. Among the three electroless Ni-P composite coatings, the corrosion resistance is in the following order: Ni-P-CeO2=Ni-P-Si3N4>Ni-P-TiO2.
119 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of phosphorus on the corrosion behavior of electroless nickel-plated mild steel in deaerated 40 w/o NaOH solution was examined using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques.
Abstract: Electroless Ni-P deposits with phosphorus content ranging from 4.8 to 12.8 weight percent (w/o) were examined using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques to characterize the effect of phosphorus on the corrosion behavior of electroless nickel-plated mild steel in deaerated 40 w/o NaOH solution. Anodic polarization of the electroless Ni-P alloys in caustic NaOH solution shows that the passive current density decreases with increasing phosphorus content in the deposits. At an applied potential of -1.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (V SCE ) (close to their E corr ), EIS data indicate that the R ct for Ni-P alloys in NaOH solution increases with increasing phosphorus content. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggest that the primary constituent formed on the Ni-P surface after EIS measurement in 40 w/o NaOH solution at an applied potential of -0.4 V SCE (in the passive region) is Ni(OH) 2 , which is responsible for the passivity of the Ni-P alloys. The polarization resistance of Ni-P alloys in NaOH solution at -0.4 V SCE also increases with increasing phosphorus content
111 citations