Formation and properties of clay-polymer complexes

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Formation and properties of clay-polymer complexes

01 Jan 1979-

About: The article was published on 1979-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 774 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polymer.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing

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Suprakas Sinha Ray¹, Masami Okamoto¹•Institutions (1)

Toyota Technological Institute¹

01 Nov 2003-Progress in Polymer Science

TL;DR: A review of the academic and industrial aspects of the preparation, characterization, materials properties, crystallization behavior, melt rheology, and processing of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites is given in this article.

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6,343 citations

Cites background or methods from "Formation and properties of clay-po..."

...In this method the nature of solvents is critical in facilitating the insertion of polymers between the silicate layers, polarity of the medium being a determining factor for intercalations [43,417]....
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...Although inter-lamellar polymerization techniques using appropriately modified layered silicate or synthetic layered silicates [42,43] have long been known, the field of PLS nanocomposites gained momentum recently due to the report of a N6/MMT nanocomposite from the Toyota research group [1], where very small amounts of layered silicate loadings resulted in pronounced improvements in thermal and mechanical properties....
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...Although the intercalation chemistry of polymers when mixed with appropriately modified layered silicate and synthetic layered silicates has long been known [42,43], the field of PLS nanocomposites has gained momentum recently....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: an overview

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Peter C. Lebaron¹, Zhen Wang¹, Thomas J. Pinnavaia¹•Institutions (1)

Michigan State University¹

01 Sep 1999-Applied Clay Science

TL;DR: An overview of polymer-clay hybrid nanocomposites is provided with emphasis placed on the use of alkylammonium exchanged smectite clays as the reinforcement phase in selected polymer matrices as discussed by the authors.

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2,403 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Stabilization of organic matter in temperate soils: mechanisms and their relevance under different soil conditions – a review

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Margit von Lützow¹, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner¹, Klemens Ekschmitt¹, Egbert Matzner¹, Georg Guggenberger¹, Bernd Marschner¹, Heinz Flessa¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

Technische Universität München¹

01 Aug 2006-European Journal of Soil Science

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the mechanisms that are currently, but often contradictorily or inconsistently, considered to contribute to organic matter (OM) protection against decomposition in temperate soils is presented.

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Abstract: Summary Mechanisms for C stabilization in soils have received much interest recently due to their relevance in the global C cycle. Here we review the mechanisms that are currently, but often contradictorily or inconsistently, considered to contribute to organic matter (OM) protection against decomposition in temperate soils: (i) selective preservation due to recalcitrance of OM, including plant litter, rhizodeposits, microbial products, humic polymers, and charred OM; (ii) spatial inaccessibility of OM against decomposer organisms due to occlusion, intercalation, hydrophobicity and encapsulation; and (iii) stabilization by interaction with mineral surfaces (Fe-, Al-, Mn-oxides, phyllosilicates) and metal ions. Our goal is to assess the relevance of these mechanisms to the formation of soil OM during different stages of decomposition and under different soil conditions. The view that OM stabilization is dominated by the selective preservation of recalcitrant organic components that accumulate in proportion to their chemical properties can no longer be accepted. In contrast, our analysis of mechanisms shows that: (i) the soil biotic community is able to disintegrate any OM of natural origin; (ii) molecular recalcitrance of OM is relative, rather than absolute; (iii) recalcitrance is only important during early decomposition and in active surface soils; while (iv) during late decomposition and in the subsoil, the relevance of spatial inaccessibility and organo-mineral interactions for SOM stabilization increases. We conclude that major difficulties in the understanding and prediction of SOM dynamics originate from the simultaneous operation of several mechanisms. We discuss knowledge gaps and promising directions of future research.

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2,332 citations

Additional excerpts

...Organic cations can intercalate beyond the cation exchange capacity if van der Waals forces play a major role in binding molecules to surfaces (Theng, 1979)....
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...ligand exchange, polyvalent cation bridges, and weak interactions, such as hydrophobic interactions including van der Waals forces and H-bonding (Theng, 1979; Oades, 1989; Vermeer & Koopal, 1998; Vermeer et al., 1998)....
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...the action of extracellular enzymes (Theng, 1979; Khanna et al., 1998)....
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...Their typically high molecular weight offers a large number of potential surface–segment contacts and thus strong binding between uncharged polysaccharides and clays can be established (Theng, 1979)....
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...It has also been shown that polymethylene chains can adsorb on clay surfaces (see below) or intercalate into phyllosilicates (see below) in a flat extended conformation (in an acid environment), which enables van der Waals interactions to be established between clay and polymer (Theng, 1979)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A review on polymer–layered silicate nanocomposites

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S. Pavlidou, Constantine D. Papaspyrides¹•Institutions (1)

National Technical University of Athens¹

01 Dec 2008-Progress in Polymer Science

TL;DR: In this paper, the structure, preparation and properties of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites are discussed in general, and detailed examples are also drawn from the scientific literature.

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2,277 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis

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John I. Hedges¹, Richard G. Keil¹•Institutions (1)

University of Washington¹

01 Apr 1995-Marine Chemistry

TL;DR: For example, in a recent paper as discussed by the authors, the authors investigated the mechanisms governing sedimentary organic matter preservation in marine sediments and found that organic preservation in the marine environment is < 0.5% efficient, and that the factors which directly determine preservation vary with depositional regime, but have in common a critical interaction between organic and inorganic materials over locally variable time scales.

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2,216 citations

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Formation and properties of clay-polymer complexes

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