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Patent

Formation of microstamped patterns on surfaces and derivative articles

04 Oct 1993-
TL;DR: In this article, a method of patterning a material surface is provided in which an elastomeric stamp having a stamping surface is coated with a self-assembled monolayer forming species having a functional group selected to bind to a particular material.
Abstract: A method of patterning a material surface is provided in which an elastomeric stamp having a stamping surface is coated with a self-assembled monolayer forming species having a functional group selected to bind to a particular material, and the stamping surface is placed against a surface of material and is removed to leave a self-assembled monolayer of the species according to the stamping surface pattern of the stamp. Additional stamping steps may be subsequently effected to produce any of a variety of SAM patterns on the surface. Additionally, portions of the material surface that are not coated with a stamped SAM pattern may be filled in with another SAM-forming species. Alternately, portions that are not covered by a SAM layer may be etched or plated. Additionally, an optical switch and other optical devices and elements are provided, comprising articles similar to the inventive stamp.
Citations
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Patent
01 Apr 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a system for microfluidic manipulation and analysis of particles, such as cells, viruses, organelles, beads, and vesicles.
Abstract: The invention provides systems, including apparatus, methods, and kits, for the microfluidic manipulation and/or detection of particles, such as cells and/or beads. The invention provides systems, including apparatus, methods, and kits, for the microfluidic manipulation and/or analysis of particles, such as cells, viruses, organelles, beads, and/or vesicles. The invention also provides microfluidic mechanisms for carrying out these manipulations and analyses. These mechanisms may enable controlled input, movement/positioning, retention/localization, treatment, measurement, release, and/or output of particles. Furthermore, these mechanisms may be combined in any suitable order and/or employed for any suitable number of times within a system. Accordingly, these combinations may allow particles to be sorted, cultured, mixed, treated, and/or assayed, among others, as single particles, mixed groups of particles, arrays of particles, heterogeneous particle sets, and/or homogeneous particle sets, among others, in series and/or in parallel. In addition, these combinations may enable microfluidic systems to be reused. Furthermore, these combinations may allow the response of particles to treatment to be measured on a shorter time scale than was previously possible. Therefore, systems of the invention may allow a broad range of cell and particle assays, such as drug screens, cell characterizations, research studies, and/or clinical analyses, among others, to be scaled down to microfluidic size. Such scaled-down assays may use less sample and reagent, may be less labor intensive, and/or may be more informative than comparable macrofluidic assays.

655 citations

Patent
16 Jul 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the fabrication and growth of sub-microelectronic circuitry is described, and the arrangement of such articles to fabricate electronic, optoelectronic, or spintronic devices and components.
Abstract: The present invention relates generally to sub-microelectronic circuitry, and more particularly to nanometer-scale articles, including nanoscale wires which can be selectively doped at various locations and at various levels. In some cases, the articles may be single crystals. The nanoscale wires can be doped, for example, differentially along their length, or radially, and either in terms of identity of dopant, concentration of dopant, or both. This may be used to provide both n-type and p-type conductivity in a single item, or in different items in close proximity to each other, such as in a crossbar array. The fabrication and growth of such articles is described, and the arrangement of such articles to fabricate electronic, optoelectronic, or spintronic devices and components. For example, semiconductor materials can be doped to form n-type and p-type semiconductor regions for making a variety of devices such as field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, complementary inverters, tunnel diodes, light emitting diodes, sensors, and the like.

598 citations

Patent
14 Jul 1999
TL;DR: Arrays of protein-capture agents useful for the simultaneous detection of a plurality of proteins which are the expression products, or fragments thereof, of a cell or population of cells in an organism are provided in this paper.
Abstract: Arrays of protein-capture agents useful for the simultaneous detection of a plurality of proteins which are the expression products, or fragments thereof, of a cell or population of cells in an organism are provided. A variety of antibody arrays, in particular, are described. Methods of both making and using the arrays of protein-capture agents are also disclosed. The invention arrays are particularly useful for various proteomics applications including assessing patterns of protein expression and modification in cells.

555 citations

Patent
05 Nov 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for simultaneous multiple biochip analysis with arrays such as nucleic acid arrays, which allows for high throughput analysis of samples and can be configured to hold multiple cartridges comprising biochips.
Abstract: The invention is directed to devices that allow for simultaneous multiple biochip analysis. In particular, the devices are configured to hold multiple cartridges comprising biochips comprising arrays such as nucleic acid arrays, and allow for high throughput analysis of samples.

551 citations

Patent
21 Nov 2000
TL;DR: In this article, a first layer of organic material (608) is deposited over a substrate (602), followed by a first electrode layer (608), such that the raised portion (506) of the first patterned die (500) contacts portions of the second electrode layer.
Abstract: The invention relates to patterning methods for organic devices, and more particularly to patterning methods using a die. A first layer of organic material (608) is deposited over a substrate (602), followed by a first electrode layer (608). A first patterned die (500) having a raised portion (506) is then pressed onto the first electrode layer (608), such that the raised portion (506) of the first patterned die (500) contacts portions of the first electrode layer (608). The patterned die (500) is removed, such that the portions of the first electrode layer (608) in contact with the raised portions (506) of the first patterned die (500) are removed. In one embodiment of the invention, a second organic layer is then deposited over the first electrode layer, followed by a second electrode layer. A second patterned die having a raised portion is pressed onto the second electrode layer, such that the raised portion of the second patterned die contacts portions of the second electrode layer. The second patterned die is removed, such that the portions of the second electrode layer in contact with the raised portions of the second patterned die are removed. Preferably the patterned die is coated with an adhesive material (508) such as a metal.

537 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the IR data using numerical simulations based on an average single chain model suggests that the alkyl chains in monolayers on silver are all-trans zig-zag and canted by - 12' from the normal to the surface.
Abstract: Long-chain alkanethiols, HS(CH2),CH3, adsorb from solution onto.the surfaces of gold, silver, and copper and form monolayers. Reflection infrared spectroscopy indicates that monolayers on silver and on copper (when carefully prepared) have the chains in well-defined molecular orientations and in crystalline-like phase states, as has been observed on gold. Monolayers on silver are structurally related to those formed by adsorption on gold, but different in details of orientation. The monolayers formed on copper are structurally more complex and show a pronounced sensitivity to the details of the sample preparation. Quantitative analysis of the IR data using numerical simulations based on an average single chain model suggests that the alkyl chains in monolayers on silver are all-trans zig-zag and canted by - 12' from the normal to the surface. The analysis also suggests a twist of the plane containing the carbon backbone of -45' from the plane defined by the tilt and surface normal vectors. For comparison, the monolayers that form on adsorption of alkanethiols on gold surfaces, as judged by their vibrational spectra, are also trans zig-zag extended but, when interpreted in the context of the same single chain model, have a cant angle of -27O and a twist of the plane of the carbon backbone of -53'. The monolayers formed on copper (when they are obtained in high quality) exhibit infrared spectra effectively indistinguishable from those on silver and thus appear to have the same structure. Films on copper are also commonly obtained that are structurally ill-defined and appear to contain significant densities of gauche conformations. These spectroscopically based interpretations are compatible with inferences from wetting and XPS measurements. The structure of the substrate-sulfur interface appears to control molecular orientations of the alkyl groups in these films. An improved structural model, incorporating a two-chain unit cell and allowing for the temperature-dependent population of gauche conformations, is presented and applied to the specific case of the structures formed on gold.

1,920 citations

Patent
07 Mar 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a polypeptide array can be synthesized on a substrate by attaching photoremovable groups to the surface of a substrate, exposing selected regions of the substrate to light to activate those regions, attaching an amino acid monomer with a photoregressive group to the activated regions, and repeating the steps of activation and attachment until the desired length and sequences are synthesized.
Abstract: Polypeptide arrays can be synthesized on a substrate by attaching photoremovable groups to the surface of a substrate, exposing selected regions of the substrate to light to activate those regions, attaching an amino acid monomer with a photoremovable group to the activated regions, and repeating the steps of activation and attachment until polypeptides of the desired length and sequences are synthesized. The resulting array can be used to determine which peptides on the array can bind to a receptor.

1,807 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1990-Langmuir
TL;DR: In this paper, a phenomenes de mouillage et d'adsorption d'une surface solide are described, e.g., adaption of alcanethiols and sulfures de dialkyl sur de l'or
Abstract: Etude des phenomenes de mouillage et d'adsorption d'une surface solide. Application a l'adsorption d'alcanethiols et de sulfures de dialkyl sur de l'or

868 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A set of procedures for patterning the outgrowth of cells cultured on 2-dimensional substrates showed that glia are patterned along with the associated granule cells, and Interestingly, the GFAP-positive glia that proliferated on surfaces bound with amine derivatives attained primarily a tile-shaped, fibroblast-like morphology, while those proliferating on glass coated with poly(D-lysine) developed primarily a spindle- shaped, process-bearing morphology.
Abstract: The cytoarchitecture of nervous tissue is lost during the dissociation procedures used to form primary cell cultures. As a first step toward reestablishing an ordered arrangement of these cells in vitro, we developed a set of procedures for patterning the outgrowth of cells cultured on 2-dimensional substrates. These procedures used a combination of surface chemistry and photolithographic techniques. The adhesive properties of either silicon or silicon dioxide (quartz) surfaces were controlled by covalently binding small organic molecules to the surface with silane coupling agents. The attachment and growth of either embryonic mouse spinal cells or perinatal rat cerebellar cells were found to be promoted by binding certain amine derivatives to the surface. In particular, cells grown on surfaces bound with diamines and triamines, but not with monoamines, formed cultures whose morphology was similar to that of cells cultured on conventional substrates, i.e., glass coated with poly(D-lysine). The attachment of cells to a substrate was inhibited by binding alkane chains (e.g., n- tetradecane) to the surface and plating the cells in media containing 5– 10% (vol/vol) serum. Patterns of selected adhesivity were formed using photochemical resist materials and lithographic masking techniques compatible with the silane chemistry. Cultures of either spinal cord cells or cerebellar cells could be confined to square regions on the scale of 50 micron. Cerebellar cells could be confined to grow on lines with widths less than 10 micron. This width is comparable to the diameter of granule cell somata. The patterned growth of cerebellar cells was maintained up to 12 d in vitro. Over this time period the granule cells were observed to develop electrical excitability and immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase. Purkinje neurons also developed electrical excitability when grown on the chemically modified surfaces. Immunochemical reactivity of the patterned cultures for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) showed that glia are patterned along with the associated granule cells. Interestingly, the GFAP-positive glia that proliferated on surfaces bound with amine derivatives attained primarily a tile-shaped, fibroblast-like morphology, while those proliferating on glass coated with poly(D-lysine) developed primarily a spindle-shaped, process-bearing morphology. Granule cells preferentially associated with the spindle-shaped glia.

640 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Apr 1991-Science
TL;DR: Deep ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is shown to modify organosilane self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films by a photocleavage mechanism, which renders the surface amenable to further SAM modification.
Abstract: Deep ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is shown to modify organosilane self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films by a photocleavage mechanism, which renders the surface amenable to further SAM modification. Patterned UV exposure creates alternating regions of intact SAM film and hydrophilic, reactive sites. The exposed regions can undergo a second chemisorption reaction to produce an assembly of SAMs in the same molecular plane with similar substrate attachment chemistry. The UV-patterned films are used as a template for selective buildup of fluorophores, metals, and biological cells.

525 citations