Fouling control in a forward osmosis process integrating seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation
Citations
686 citations
Cites background from "Fouling control in a forward osmosi..."
...Spacers placed alongside themembrane inducemixing and have been shown to prevent the attachment of foulants [74,75]....
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...Several studies have demonstrated that a steady water flux is maintained during wastewater treatment [74,76] and sludge dewatering [77] by FO....
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...Therefore, understanding fouling mechanisms and developing fouling mitigation methods continue to be active areas of research [74]....
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...Although osmotic dilution has been demonstrated to be an effective process at the bench-scale [23,74] and pilot-scale [23,76], osmotic dilution continues to face challenges before it is commercially implemented....
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...Other hydrodynamic strategies that mitigate fouling in FO include operating at a higher cross-flowvelocity [52], use of flowpulsation [74], and introducing air bubbles [13]....
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629 citations
Cites background or methods from "Fouling control in a forward osmosi..."
...develop approaches for mitigating fouling [34-38]....
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...Physical cleaning Physical methods have been extensively used to mitigate membrane fouling in ODMPs [33-38, 75, 257]....
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...A number of studies observed that external fouling on the membrane surface was mitigated at increased cross-flow velocities in ODMPs when the membrane active layer is facing the feed water [28, 32, 36, 73, 127]....
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..., increasing crossflow velocity [32, 36, 73, 75], using the feed spacer [36, 65, 68], introducing the pulsed flow [36], employing the air scouring [37])....
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...that the employment of spacer could alleviate fouling [36, 68]....
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366 citations
317 citations
Cites background from "Fouling control in a forward osmosi..."
...propensity of producing fresh water from impaired-quality water sources (Achilli et al., 2009; Boo et al., 2013; Chang et al., 2002; Hoover et al., 2011)....
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...…reverse osmosis (FO/ LPRO) systems for several applications, including seawater desalination (Choi et al., 2009), to reduce the cost and fouling propensity of producing fresh water from impaired-quality water sources (Achilli et al., 2009; Boo et al., 2013; Chang et al., 2002; Hoover et al., 2011)....
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317 citations
References
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