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Foundation analysis and design

Joseph E. Bowles
01 Jan 1968-
TL;DR: In this paper, Fondation de soutenagement et al. presented a reference record for Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08.
Abstract: Keywords: Fondation ; Mur de soutenement ; Pieux ; Capacite portante ; Ancrage ; Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
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Development of LRFD Procedures for Bridge Pile Foundations in Iowa Volume I: An Electronic Database for PIle LOad Tests (PILOT)

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Matthew Roling, Sri Sritharan, Muhannad T. Suleiman
01 Jun 2010
TL;DR: The PILOT database as discussed by the authors is an amalgamated, electronic source of information consisting of both static and dynamic data for pile load tests conducted in the State of Iowa, which is intended for use in the establishment of LRFD resistance factors for design and construction control of driven pile foundations in Iowa.
Abstract: For well over 100 years, the Working Stress Design (WSD) approach has been the traditional basis for geotechnical design with regard to settlements or failure conditions. However, considerable effort has been put forth over the past couple of decades in relation to the adoption of the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach into geotechnical design. With the goal of producing engineered designs with consistent levels of reliability, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a policy memorandum on June 28, 2000, requiring all new bridges initiated after October 1, 2007, to be designed according to the LRFD approach. Likewise, regionally calibrated LRFD resistance factors were permitted by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) to improve the economy of bridge foundation elements. Thus, projects TR-573, TR-583 and TR-584 were undertaken by a research team at Iowa State University’s Bridge Engineering Center with the goal of developing resistance factors for pile design using available pile static load test data. To accomplish this goal, the available data were first analyzed for reliability and then placed in a newly designed relational database management system termed PIle LOad Tests (PILOT), to which this first volume of the final report for project TR-573 is dedicated. PILOT is an amalgamated, electronic source of information consisting of both static and dynamic data for pile load tests conducted in the State of Iowa. The database, which includes historical data on pile load tests dating back to 1966, is intended for use in the establishment of LRFD resistance factors for design and construction control of driven pile foundations in Iowa. Although a considerable amount of geotechnical and pile load test data is available in literature as well as in various State Department of Transportation files, PILOT is one of the first regional databases to be exclusively used in the development of LRFD resistance factors for the design and construction control of driven pile foundations. Currently providing an electronically organized assimilation of geotechnical and pile load test data for 274 piles of various types (e.g., steel H-shaped, timber, pipe, Monotube, and concrete), PILOT (http://srg.cce.iastate.edu/lrfd/) is on par with such familiar national databases used in the calibration of LRFD resistance factors for pile foundations as the FHWA’s Deep Foundation Load Test Database. By narrowing geographical boundaries while maintaining a high number of pile load tests, PILOT exemplifies a model for effective regional LRFD calibration procedures.

20 citations

Cites background or methods from "Foundation analysis and design"

  • ...Empirical values for ø, Dr, and γ of cohesionless soils based on Bowles (1996) ......48 Table 4.14. Empirical values for qu and γ of cohesive soils based on Bowles (1996) ....

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  • ...The corresponding soil parameters stored in the GRLWEAP are based on the Bowles (1996) and Fellenius (1996) recommendations, given in Table 4.11 for cohesionless soils and Table 4.12 for cohesive soils. ST method uses the β-method and the modified α-method to estimate the unit shaft (qs) and unit toe (qt) resistances for non-cohesive soils and cohesive soils respectively. 4.6.2 GRLWEAP SPT N-value based method (SA) The GRLWEAP SPT N-value based method (SA) requires the input of soil types, unit weights and uncorrected SPT N-values. These soil parameters can be obtained from the in-situ SPT tests and laboratory soil tests, or they can be estimated using Bowles (1996) recommendations, given in Table 4....

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  • ...Empirical values for qu and γ of cohesive soils based on Bowles (1996) Description Very Soft Soft Medium Stiff Very Stiff Hard Unconfined compressive strength, qu (ksf) 0 - 0....

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  • ...The corresponding soil parameters stored in the GRLWEAP are based on the Bowles (1996) and Fellenius (1996) recommendations, given in Table 4....

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  • ...Empirical values for ø, Dr, and γ of cohesionless soils based on Bowles (1996) Description Very Loose Loose Medium Dense Very Dense Relative Density, Dr 0 - 0....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Effect of Flexibility of Foundations on its Seismic Stress Distribution

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Sekhar Chandra Dutta1, Koushik Bhattacharya1, Rana Roy1•
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur1
17 Dec 2008-Journal of Earthquake Engineering
TL;DR: In this article, a distributed spring approach is proposed to obtain the stress distribution within a shallow foundation, and a limited parametric study is also made to observe the effect of soil damping.
Abstract: To obtain the stress distribution within a shallow foundation, a distributed spring approach is proposed to represent soil behavior. Relevant analytical formulations for grid and raft foundations are derived on the basis of the lumped stiffness coefficients developed by Gazetas and recommended in modern codes such as FEMA 356 [2000]. The efficacy of the proposed formulations to represent the overall dynamic behavior and seismic response of the building frames with grid and raft foundations is checked against the established Gazetas scheme. A limited parametric study is also made to observe the effect of soil damping. This helps to arrive at a suitable damping ratio for combined structure-foundation-soil system. Subsequently, the variations in stress distributions incorporating the effect of soil-structure interaction at various locations of two types of foundations are also presented for some representative cases. Results show a substantial increase in the bending moment and shear force in the foundation ...

20 citations

Cites background from "Foundation analysis and design"

  • ...Consideration of such uniform springs, though conceptually an inappropriate idealization for many situations, may often lead to very reasonable response as that due to non uniform springs [ Bowles, 1968 ]....

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  • ...75 (L¢/B¢)0.15 Ab: Area of the foundation considered; B¢ and L¢: Half width and half length of a rectangular foundation, respectively; Ibx and Ibz: Moment of inertia of the foundation area with respect to longitudinal, lateral, and vertical axes, respectively. springs [Bowles, 1968]....

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Journal Article•DOI•
A Simplified Approach of Determining the Specific Gravity of Soil Solids

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K. Prakash1, Asuri Sridharan2, H. K. Thejas1, H. M. Swaroop1•
Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering1, Indian Institute of Science2
22 May 2012-Geotechnical and Geological Engineering
TL;DR: In this paper, the specific gravity of soil solids is determined in the laboratory by the sensitive pycnometer/density bottle method, which is characterized by many complexities and difficulties.
Abstract: Many computations in the field of geotechnical engineering require the use of specific gravity of soil solids. Presently, specific gravity of soil solids is determined in the laboratory by the sensitive pycnometer/density bottle method, which is characterized by many complexities and difficulties. The present technical note suggests the use of some of the measurements taken during the routine shrinkage limit test in the laboratory to compute the specific gravity of soil solids fairly accurately. It is shown through exhaustive experimental results that the values of specific gravity of soil solids obtained from the proposed method is in very close agreement with those determined from the conventional pycnometer/density bottle method.

20 citations

Cites background from "Foundation analysis and design"

  • ...The test is of moderate difficulty with the major source of error due to the presence of entrapped air in the soil sample (Bowles 1997)....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Buckling of slender piles in soft soils

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Norbert Vogt, Stefan Vogt, Christian Kellner
01 Aug 2009-Bautechnik
TL;DR: In this paper, the buckling tests on 4 m long micropiles were carried out in soft clay and a new concept with supporting documents for calculating buckling loads was derived, which covers all essential aspects observed in the tests.
Abstract: Buckling of piles is prevented by the surrounding soil. Therefore, in sufficiently stiff soils, there is no risk of pile buckling with conventional geometry (L/D ratio). National and international design codes require checks of the safety against buckling for slender piles in soils with undrained shear strengths of cu < 15 kPa or cu < 10 kPa, respectively. In practice, the codes imply that buckling failure does not occur at higher undrained shear strengths. However, using simple calculations, this assumption has been proven to be invalid for slender piles such as micropiles. For the reason, buckling tests on 4 m long micropiles were carried out in soft clay. Based on these results, a new concept with supporting documents for calculating buckling loads was derived, which covers all essential aspects observed in the tests. The proposed model accounts for material non-linearity, as well as second order effects.

20 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven Reinforced Concrete Piles

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Hossein Moayedi1, Mansour Mosallanezhad2, Ramli Nazir3•
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences1, Shiraz University2, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia3
25 Aug 2017-Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
TL;DR: In this article, results of several full scale reinforced concrete (reinforced concrete) pile load tests were studied and analyzed to create a comparison between the MLT (maintained load test) and PDA (pile driving analyzer) methods.
Abstract: Results of several full scale RC (reinforced concrete) pile load tests were studied and analyzed to create a comparison between the MLT (maintained load test) and PDA (pile driving analyzer) methods. The ultimate pile capacities derived from analysis of PDA were consistently higher than results from the MLT. A coefficient of 0.9 or a 10% reduction is suggested to be applied to values derived from PDA. It is also observed that the longer the time interval, the greater the shaft friction contribution is towards the pile capacity.

20 citations

Related Papers (5)
Soil mechanics in engineering practice

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01 Jan 1948
Karl Terzaghi, Ralph B. Peck
Theoretical Soil Mechanics

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15 Jan 1943
Karl Terzaghi
Pile Foundation Analysis and Design

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01 May 1990
Harry G. Poulos, E.H. Davis
Principles of Foundation Engineering

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01 Jan 1984
Braja M. Das
Analysis of Ultimate Loads of Shallow Foundations

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01 Jan 1973-Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division
Aleksandar S. Vesic