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Foundation analysis and design
01 Jan 1968-
TL;DR: In this paper, Fondation de soutenagement et al. presented a reference record for Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08.
Abstract: Keywords: Fondation ; Mur de soutenement ; Pieux ; Capacite portante ; Ancrage ; Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a broader understanding of fly ash engineering properties, mixtures of five different soil types, ranging from ML to CH, and several different fly ash sources (including hydrated and conditioned fly ashes) were evaluated.
Abstract: Soil treated with self-cementing fly ash is increasingly being used in Iowa to stabilize fine-grained pavement subgrades, but without a complete understanding of the short- and long-term behavior. To develop a broader understanding of fly ash engineering properties, mixtures of five different soil types, ranging from ML to CH, and several different fly ash sources (including hydrated and conditioned fly ashes) were evaluated. Results show that soil compaction characteristics, compressive strength, wet/dry durability, freeze/thaw durability, hydration characteristics, rate of strength gain, and plasticity characteristics are all affected by the addition of fly ash. Specifically, Iowa self-cementing fly ashes are effective at stabilizing fine-grained Iowa soils for earthwork and paving operations; fly ash increases compacted dry density and reduces the optimum moisture content; strength gain in soil-fly ash mixtures depends on cure time and temperature, compaction energy, and compaction delay; sulfur contents can form expansive minerals in soil-fly ash mixtures, which severely reduces the long-term strength and durability; fly ash increases the California bearing ratio of fine-grained soil-fly ash, effectively dries wet soils and provides an initial rapid strength gain; fly ash decreases swell potential of expansive soils; soil-fly ash mixtures cured below freezing temperatures and then soaked in water are highly susceptible to slaking and strength loss; soil stabilized with fly ash exhibits increased freeze-thaw durability; soil strength can be increased with the addition of hydrated fly ash and conditioned fly ash, but at higher rates and not as effectively as self-cementing fly ash. Based on the results of this study, three proposed specifications were developed for the use of self-cementing fly ash, hydrated fly ash, and conditioned fly ash. The specifications describe laboratory evaluation, field placement, moisture conditioning, compaction, quality control testing procedures, and basis of payment.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the deformation parameters of in situ sand through two excavation case histories in Kaohsiung, Taiwan were analyzed and deformation prediction based on monitoring data at the first excavation stage and in situ Young's modulus evaluation for sand were highlighted.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the complementary role played by reliability-based design (RBD) under these circumstances is illustrated and discussed for a shallow foundation, a reinforced rock slope, a Norwegian clay slope with spatial variability, a laterally loaded pile requiring implicit numerical analysis, and an anchored sheet pile wall.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) approach was proposed to obtain the optimum design of spread footing and retaining wall, which handles the problem-specific constraints using a penalty function approach.
Abstract: This paper deals with the economically optimized design and sensitivity of two of the most widely used systems in geotechnical engineering: spread footing and retaining wall. Several recent advanced optimization methods have been developed, but very few of these methods have been applied to geotechnical problems. The current research develops a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) approach to obtain the optimum design of spread footing and retaining wall. The algorithm handles the problem-specific constraints using a penalty function approach. The optimization procedure controls all geotechnical and structural design constraints while reducing the overall cost of the structures. To verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm, three case studies of spread footing and retaining wall are illustrated. Comparison of the results of the present method, standard PSO, and other selected methods employed in previous studies shows the reliability and accuracy of the algorithm. Moreover, the parametric performance is investigated in order to examine the effect of relevant variables on the optimum design of the footing and the retaining structure utilizing the proposed method.
75 citations
Cites background or methods from "Foundation analysis and design"
...Table 3 Failure modes of the retaining wall ( Bowles, 1982; Yepes et al., 2008)...
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...According to Bowles (1982) , these constraints are summarized in Table 3. Furthermore, as recommended by Yepes et al. (2008), the maximum deflection at the top of the stem should not exceed an acceptable threshold level (1/150 height of the stem)....
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...According to Bowles (1982) , ACI 318-05 (2005), and Budhu (2006), the design constraints may be classified as geotechnical and structural requirements summarized in Table 1. These requirements represent the failure modes as a function of design...
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...Moreover, as recommended in ( Bowles, 1982 ) and (ACI 318-05, 2005), all design variables have practical minimum and maximum values....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the response of single piles and pile groups under vertically and obliquely incident seismic waves is obtained using the hybrid boundary element (BEM) formulation, where the piles are represented by compressible beam-column elements and the soil as a hysteretic viscoelastic half-space.
Abstract: The response of single piles and pile groups under vertically and obliquely incident seismic waves is obtained using the hybrid boundary element (BEM) formulation. The piles are represented by compressible beam-column elements and the soil as a hysteretic viscoelastic half-space. A recently developed Green function corresponding to the dynamic Mindlin problem is implemented in the numerical formulation. Exact analytical solutions for the differential equations for the piles under distributed harmonic excitations are used. Treating the half-space as a three-dimensional elastic continuum, the interaction problem is formulated by satisfying equilibrium and displacement compatibility along the pile-soil interface. Solutions adopted for the seismic waves are obtained by direct integration of the differential equations in terms of amplitudes. Salient features of the seismic response are identified in several non-dimensional plots. Results of the analyses compare favourably with the limited data available in the literature.
74 citations