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Foundation analysis and design
01 Jan 1968-
TL;DR: In this paper, Fondation de soutenagement et al. presented a reference record for Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08.
Abstract: Keywords: Fondation ; Mur de soutenement ; Pieux ; Capacite portante ; Ancrage ; Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
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TL;DR: The present study provides the first empirical and mathematic results that allow confident safety intervals to be established that relate to the laying process in the poultry industry.
7 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have examined effective communication skills among students from Faculty of Education and identified the problems that affect the effective communications and find ways to solve the problems occurred, they also put forward some recommendations for the future researchers.
Abstract: This study aims to examine effective communication skills among students from Faculty of Education. It was also to identify the problems that affect the effective communications and find ways to solve the problems occurred. There were 102 respondents involved in this study and all of them are taking Bachelor of Science with Education (Islamic Studies), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for the 2008/2009 session This study used quantitative method by which a set of questionnaire was distributed to all of the respondents. The questionnaire consisted 40 questions. The data of this study were analyzed by using Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) version 14.0 to obtain mode, mean and percentage. The findings, the reliability of the questionnaire was α= 0.891. The results showed that the mean for objective number 1 were 4.05, objective number 2 were 4.24 and objective number 3 were 4.21. The data of the findings was put in a table. Overall the findings showed that the mean of effective communication skills among students of Islamic Studies was high which 4.17 were respectively. At the end of this study some recommendations were put forward for the future researchers.
7 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of existing regulations for C&D materials in Australia and propose a new set of specifications for compliant construction and demolition materials in the state of NSW.
Abstract: ........................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ v DECLARATION ............................................................................................................ ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xx LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... xxvii LIST OF NOTATIONS AND SYMBOLS .................................................................. xxxi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ................................................................................... 2 1.3. Objectives of the Research ................................................................................. 5 1.4. Significance of the Research .............................................................................. 5 1.5. Thesis Outline ..................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................... 7 2.1. General Introduction ........................................................................................... 7 2.2. Waste Materials .................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1. Construction and Demolition Materials ...................................................... 7 2.2.2. Construction and Demolition Materials in Victoria .................................... 8 2.2.3. Regulations for C&D Materials in Australia ............................................ 13 2.2.4. Existing Specifications for C&D Materials in Australia .......................... 14 2.2.5. Granular Filter Materials ........................................................................... 16 2.2.6. Waste Materials in New South Wales (NSW) .......................................... 17 2.2.7. Waste Materials in Western Australia ...................................................... 20 2.2.8. Comparison of Existing Specifications ..................................................... 22 2.2.9. Sustainability and Feasibility of Recycling .............................................. 23 xiv 2. 2.10. Experimental Studies on C&D Materials................................................... 24 2.3. Geosynthetics ................................................................................................... 29 2.3.1. Experimental Studies on Geosynthetics .................................................... 29 2.3.2. Geogrid in Base or Subbase Layers .......................................................... 32 2.3.3. Geogrid Reinforcement Mechanisms........................................................ 33 2.3.4. Bearing Capacity Increment Mechanisms ................................................ 35 2.3.5. Tension Membrane Mechanisms .............................................................. 35 2.3.6. Laboratory Studies on Reinforcement Mechanisms ................................. 36 2.4. Permeable Pavement Systems .......................................................................... 37 2.4.1. Selection of Permeable Pavement Materials ............................................. 40 2.4.2. Permeable Pavement Sub-Structure .......................................................... 40 2.4.3. Stormwater Quantity Reductions .............................................................. 41 2.4.4. Drainage Design Systems ......................................................................... 42 2.4.5. Purification of Stormwater Quality ........................................................... 44 2.4.6. Permeable Pavement Maintenance Systems ............................................. 45 2.4.7. Studies on Permeable Pavement Systems ................................................. 46 2.5. Numerical Modelling ....................................................................................... 48 2.6. Summary .......................................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ...................................................... 55 3.1. General Introduction......................................................................................... 55 3.2. Construction and Demolition Materials ........................................................... 55 3.3. Geosynthetics ................................................................................................... 56 3.4. Physical Properties ........................................................................................... 57 3.4.1. Sieve Analysis ........................................................................................... 58 3.4.2. Atterberg Limits ........................................................................................ 59 3.4.3. Particle Density ......................................................................................... 61 3.4.4. Flakiness Index ......................................................................................... 64
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D-building model, an excavation model, environmental conditions, the results of ground surface settlement analysis, and measurement and monitoring data, were integrated into a system to assist construction project teams to execute environmental impact assessment accurately.
Abstract: Purpose Due to the rapid development of cities, underground structures, such as deep excavations and tunnels have been widely used to increase underground space. Since these underground structures are often adopted in old and crowded town area, accidents may easily do serious damage to adjacent structure and even cause some casualties. Professional engineering knowledge and experience can reduce or avoid this chain of events. But it is undeniably the case that in more complex urban engineering environments, risks are higher. Construction project teams must therefore consider a wide variety of information when managing risks and making project decisions. Urban deep excavation construction might cause unfavourable effects on the ground and to nearby structures. Environmental impacts need to be evaluated and monitored during the deep excavation construction. Generally, construction project teams will set up monitoring instruments to control and monitor overall environmental status, especially when retaining wall construction, retaining wall excavation, and during groundwater pumping. Voluminous monitoring data and project information are usually created along the delivery processes of construction. It is difficult to view and manage them comprehensively. Method Our research employs the concept of building information modelling (BIM) in environmental impact assessment for urban deep excavation projects. BIM is a relatively new technology that facilitates better information integration and management. Many engineering companies employ BIM for information integration, visualization, and parametric design, to reduce both the duplication of work and the complexity of interface integration. In this research, a 3D-building model, an excavation model, environmental conditions, the results of ground surface settlement analysis, and measurement and monitoring data, were integrated into our system to assist construction project teams to execute environmental impact assessment accurately. The risks and issues affecting safety of excavation and nearby structures might be recognized earlier through conveying information visually in this system. Construction project teams can then handle them immediately. The implementation of the system was carried out in the MicroStation Visual Basic for Applications (MVBA) environment. The Bentley MicroStation supports visualization of the 3D-model and provides some capabilities for 3D-object manipulation and information query. Results & Discussion This system can provide construction project teams a full view of the ongoing project, along with functions to integrate and display information multidimensionally. We will demonstrate the functionalities we developed and verify its feasibility in the O6-underground station of the Kaohsiung metro system.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the ultimate seismic bearing capacity of a shallow strip footing resting on a frictional soil stratum containing a weak intervening layer using the limit equilibrium method (LEM) combined with the pseudo-static seismic loading approach.
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the ultimate seismic bearing capacity of a shallow strip footing resting on a frictional soil stratum containing a weak intervening layer. The majority of the studies throughout the literature pertain to the static loading condition. The previous seismic analyses have also been devoted to the studies on the bearing capacity of shallow strip footings resting on a two-layered soil. The influence of weak middle layer on the pseudo-static seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations is the main focus of the present study. To determine the seismic bearing capacity, the limit equilibrium method (LEM) was combined with the pseudo-static seismic loading approach. Bearing capacity was defined by a single equivalent coefficient which combines the contributions of cohesion, surcharge and soil weight. A two-wedge failure surface, known as the Coulomb failure mechanism, was adopted to model the slip lines in each layer to calculate the seismic bearing capacity of the overlying shallow strip footing. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was invoked to seek the optimal bearing capacity value under different strength and loading conditions. In order to verify the validity of the presented formulations, the results were compared with some Finite Elements Method (FEM) analyses available in literature. Furthermore, the influence of the embedment depth, thickness, and strength of the weak inter-layer on the seismic bearing capacity of the shallow footing is investigated in the presence of different seismic loading arrangements. The results of this study could be very helpful in the seismic analysis and design of shallow foundations overlying a soil medium containing a weak layer of various strengths.
7 citations