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Foundation analysis and design

01 Jan 1968-
TL;DR: In this paper, Fondation de soutenagement et al. presented a reference record for Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08.
Abstract: Keywords: Fondation ; Mur de soutenement ; Pieux ; Capacite portante ; Ancrage ; Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a conventional and an innovative geogrid system (named Grid-Anchor) are tested and it was found that the ultimate pull-out resistance of a grid-anchor is more than that for an ordinary geoggrid.
Abstract: With increasing use of geosynthetic applications in earth structures the need to develop more efficient reinforcement elements becomes evident. In this paper a conventional and an innovative geogrid system (named Grid-Anchor) are tested. The Grid-Anchor system consists of a conventional geogrid with anchors attached to it. The pull-out test has been used to highlight the capabilities of the product. Experimental investigation along with numerical studies using a finite element computer code was carried out. It was found that the ultimate pull-out resistance of a Grid-Anchor is more than that for an ordinary geogrid. Analytical study has been performed and the effect of an anchor group on the ultimate resistance of a geogrid was investigated.

6 citations


Cites background from "Foundation analysis and design"

  • ...To evaluate the ultimate pull-out resistance of cubic anchors, Bowels (1996) proposed the following expression: Pu ¼ Pp Pa þ Ft þ Fb þ Fs (13) where, Pp and Pa are the passive and active force and Fb, Ft and Fs are the friction force at the bottom, top and sides of the anchor, respectively....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Besides the simplicity and ease of application of the new POMGGP equation to a broad range of conditions, using the uncertainty, reliability, and resilience analysis confirmed that the derived equation for ϕr significantly outperformed other existing machine learning methods, including the ANN, BRNN, LMNN, and DENN equations.
Abstract: More accurate and reliable estimation of residual strength friction angle (ϕr) of clay is crucial in many geotechnical engineering applications, including riverbank stability analysis, design, and assessment of earthen dam slope stabilities. However, a general predictive equation for ϕr, with applicability in a wide range of effective parameters, remains an important research gap. The goal of this study is to develop a more accurate equation for ϕr using the Pareto Optimal Multi-gene Genetic Programming (POMGGP) approach by evaluating a comprehensive dataset of 290 experiments compiled from published literature databases worldwide. A new framework for integrated equation derivation proposed that hybridizes the Subset Selection of Maximum Dissimilarity Method (SSMD) with Multi-gene Genetic Programming (MGP) and Pareto-optimality (PO) to find an accurate equation for ϕr with wide range applicability. The final predictive equation resulted from POMGGP modeling was assessed in comparison with some previously published machine learning-based equations using statistical error analysis criteria, Taylor diagram, revised discrepancy ratio (RDR), and scatter plots. Base on the results, the POMGGP has the lowest uncertainty with U95 = 2.25, when compared with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) (U95 = 2.3), Bayesian Regularization Neural Network (BRNN) (U95 = 2.94), Levenberg-Marquardt Neural Network (LMNN) (U95 = 3.3), and Differential Evolution Neural Network (DENN) (U95 = 2.37). The more reliable results in estimation of ϕr derived by POMGGP with reliability 59.3%, and resiliency 60% in comparison with ANN (reliability = 30.23%, resiliency = 28.33%), BRNN (reliability = 10.47%, resiliency = 10.39%), LMNN (reliability = 19.77%, resiliency = 20.29%) and DENN (reliability = 27.91%, resiliency = 24.19%). Besides the simplicity and ease of application of the new POMGGP equation to a broad range of conditions, using the uncertainty, reliability, and resilience analysis confirmed that the derived equation for ϕr significantly outperformed other existing machine learning methods, including the ANN, BRNN, LMNN, and DENN equations.

6 citations

01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, an easily implementable model is developed based on the theory of beam on elastic foundation, in which the mechanism of soil strength is mathematically considered, and the predicted heave or shrinkage of expansive soils below the pavement is integrated in the model as the beam deflection.
Abstract: Moisture content in soil has a great implication in engineering design, and it has been heavily investigated by soil engineers and scientists. If moisture content in expansive soil changes drastically, it will create significant volume change in the soil. If expansive soil is present in building foundation or pavement subgrade, it may result in structural failure. On the other hand, if sufficient moisture content is present in soil, it will increase the production of geothermal energy from the ground soil. This dissertation is an effort to understand the effects of moisture content on both expansive soils and geothermal energy that is extracted from ground soils. Louisiana has been affected by its expansive soil. In north Louisiana especially, pavements often get longitudinal cracks due to the expansive subgrade soil. In this dissertation, one of the major types of expansive soils, which is called Moreland clay, is investigated to understand the swell-shrink properties. The dissertation research started with the characterization of Moreland clay by performing a series of laboratory tests. As a by-product, a GIS-based swelling potential map of expansive soil in Louisiana was developed. It is concluded from the characterization that Moreland clay is one of the most expansive soils in the world. In the dissertation research, an easily implementable model is developed based on the theory of beam on elastic foundation, in which the mechanism of soil strength is mathematically considered. The predicted heave or shrinkage of expansive soils below the pavement is integrated in the model as the beam deflection. In the proposed method, pavement is simplified as a beam with a virtual load as a form of Fourier series applied on top of the beam to mimic the heave/settlement caused by the volume change of expansive soils. The virtual load is determined by making the predicted subgrade soil heave/settlement equal to the beam deflection. Finally, a closed-form solution of the beam’s deflection, rotation, bending moment and shear force are developed, which is caused by the heave/shrinkage of the expansive soil below the pavement. Compared with the traditional finite element models, the proposed analytical model is significantly more simple and more easily implemented. The closed-form solutions make pavement stress analyses and soil heave predictions separate. All the equations and calculations are incorporated in the Excel spreadsheet. The Excel-based software package will be the only required tool for design calculations. As a part of the expansive soil research, using different soil stabilizers (e.g., geopolymer concrete (GPC) and cement) to stabilize the expansive soil is also investigated. Finally, the moisture content of soil on geothermal energy is investigated. At the beginning, a three-story building in New Orleans is designed with an energy-pile foundation as an example to see the prospect of geothermal energy in Louisiana. The research shows, if geothermal energy is used for the building’s heating and cooling energy source, less carbon dioxide would be emitted compared to its traditional heating and cooling energy source (i.e., electricity, natural gas, etc.). As a part of the research, a simple graph method is proposed to design a borehole heat exchanger for small apartments and offices. A small apartment in Ruston, Louisiana, is designed as an

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of depth to the half-space on evaluations of seismic response of a dry sandy soil deposit with thickness exceeding 100 m. They found that for a given accelerogram, the preferred depth corresponds closely to the depth for which the peak horizontal ground acceleration (PHGA) predicted in the site-response analysis matches the median PHGA developed from the appropriate statistical attenuation relationship.
Abstract: We investigated the influence of depth to the half-space on evaluations of seismic response of a dry sandy soil deposit with thickness exceeding 100 m. Our investigation is based on the premise that the best estimate of surface response of such deposits is obtained using a statistically derived attenuation relationship, and the best estimate of other parameters required for geotechnical earthquake-engineering evaluations is obtained by calibrating the evaluated spectral characteristics of the site response using the best-estimate surface response. Results of our site-specific evaluations indicate that the preferred depth to the half-space does not coincide with the depth to bedrock, nor is the preferred depth uniquely defined in the seismic site-response analysis. We find that for a given accelerogram, the preferred depth to the half-space corresponds closely to the depth for which the peak horizontal ground acceleration (PHGA) predicted in the site-response analysis matches the median PHGA developed from the appropriate statistical attenuation relationship. Our results further indicate that the effect of the magnitude of the shear-wave velocity assigned to the half-space is minor in comparison with depth to the half-space.

6 citations

Dissertation
14 Feb 2014

6 citations


Cites background from "Foundation analysis and design"

  • ...…valor perfeitamente enquadrado nos resultados obtidos por Coelho (2000), superior ao obtido por Correia (2011), e ligeiramente superior ao valor expectável que, de acordo com Bowles (1988), e tratando-se de um solo cujo mineral predominante na fracção argilosa é a caulinite, seria de ± 2,63. iii....

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