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Foundation analysis and design

01 Jan 1968-
TL;DR: In this paper, Fondation de soutenagement et al. presented a reference record for Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08.
Abstract: Keywords: Fondation ; Mur de soutenement ; Pieux ; Capacite portante ; Ancrage ; Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
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Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the experience gained from four pile load tests at a site in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan where a new cement plant is going to be installed.
Abstract: The precise prediction of maximum load carrying capacity of bored piles is a complex problem because it is a function of a number of factors. These factors include method of boring, method of concreting, quality of concrete, expertise of the construction staff, the ground conditions etc. besides the pile geometry. The performance of pile load tests is, therefore, of paramount importance to establish the most economical design of piles especially where bored cast-in-situ piles are to be provided to support a structure. This paper describes the experience gained from four pile load tests at a site in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan where a new cement plant is going to be installed. Geotechnical investigations at the site were carried out to a maximum depth of 60 m. The subsoils at the site are predominantly hard clays within the investigated depth with thin layers of gravels / boulders below 40 m depth. Perched water was encountered at various horizons. Four piles of diameter varying from 660 mm to 760 mm and length ranging between 20 m and 47.5 m were subjected to axial loads. The load test data were analyzed using various state of the art techniques including intercept of two tangents, point of change of slope, 6 mm net settlement [1], 90 percent and 80 percent Hansen [7], limit value Davisson [2], and Chin [3]. Based on a comparison of pile capacities from these methods with the theoretical values, recommendations are made on the approach to estimate the pile capacity in hard clays. Using the pile load test results, back calculations were also carried out to estimate the appropriate values of pile design parameters such as undrained cohesion and adhesion factor.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the result of the estabilizacion quimica de los suelos expansivos de una zona representativa de San Jose de Cucuta, donde se han observadodanos in construcciones livianas como consecuencia de the expansionretraccion of the suelo by the variacion constante de la humedad.
Abstract: Se presentan los resultados de la estabilizacion quimica de los suelos expansivos de una zona representativa de San Jose de Cucuta, donde se han observado danos en construcciones livianas como consecuencia de la expansionretraccion del suelo por la variacion constante de la humedad. Para lograr la estabilizacion del suelo arcilloso, se propone como aditivo quimico cenizas volantes, analizando sus posibles ventajas y desventajas. Las cenizas, fueron suministradas por la empresa Termotasajero S.A, de la ciudad. Los limites de consistencia se llevaron a cabo de acuerdo a la norma ASTM D 4318-95 [1], la humedad (ASTM D 2216), las relaciones de contraccion (ASTM D 427- 93/ 4943-95), granulometria (ASTM D 422-63), gravedad especifica ASTMD 854-92 y el ensayo estandar de Proctor (ASTM D-698). De los datos de humedad de los estratos, se puede observar su comportamiento descendente. Se muestran datos de area superficial especifica segun el procedimiento de azul de metileno descrito por Santamarina [2]. Se encontro que las arcillas de la zona estudiada estan clasificadas como de alta plasticidad (CH) con capacidad de intercambio cationico de hasta de 37 (meq/100 g) y en el que uno de los estratos posee alto contenido de magnesio (Mg). Segun la norma NSR 98 Titulo H [3], el potencial de expansion de las arcillas, es de alto a muy alto. El comportamiento del indice de plasticidad es decreciente en un valores que oscilan de treinta a cuarenta por ciento, para un porcentaje de mezcla de 30% en volumen de cenizas, lo anterior nos confirma la formacion de hidratos por medio de reacciones puzolanicas con el suelo arcilloso. Se concluye la necesidad de implementar analisis de difraccion de rayos X (DRX) y microscopia electronica para determinar composicion mineralogica exacta y estructura microscopica, lo cual ayudaria a confirmar o descartar la naturaleza de alta expansividad. Palabras Clave: arcillas expansivas;estabilizacion quimica; cenizas volantes.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of tidally influenced water elevations on the concentration of groundwater contaminants discharging to a surface-water body is studied using a one-dimensional homogeneous sand column.
Abstract: An investigation of the effect of tidally influenced water elevations on the concentration of groundwater contaminants discharging to a surface-water body is studied using a one-dimensional homogeneous sand column. A constant water level is imposed upstream, and the downstream water level is controlled by a wave generator that controls the hydraulic head to mimic a 12-h tidal fluctuation. The experimental results demonstrate that the tidal fluctuations in the downstream reservoir result in a decrease in average contaminant concentration at the point of discharge to the tidally influenced surface-water body. The further upstream an observation well is located, the smaller the amplitude of the concentration oscillation. Fourier analysis suggests that the dominant frequency of the pressure at different locations along the length of the column is identically two cycles per day and that the concentration data have a dominant frequency of two cycles per day, but also exhibit harmonics.

4 citations

DOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the properties of concrete made using crushed burnt bricks as an aggregate in comparison with concrete made with natural coarse aggregates and found that concretes made using cranked bricks as coarse aggregate absorbed more water with a value of 7.83% than conventional concrete with value of 2.36%.
Abstract: To counter the depletion of river sand and to reduce the menace caused by disposal of crushed brick wastes, the use of crushed bricks to produce a more environmentally sustainable and economical concrete is explored. This project studied the properties of concrete made using crushed burnt bricks as an aggregate in comparison with concrete made using natural coarse aggregates. Experimental investigation was carried on the concrete in its wet and dry state to determine the durability and mechanical properties of the concrete by testing the workability, water absorption, density and compressive strength test of the concrete. The result of the water absorption test shows that concretes made using crushed burnt bricks as coarse aggregates absorbed more water with value of 7.83% than conventional concrete with value of 2.83% at 28 days curing. The strength test result carried out indicates that conventional concrete at 28 days has strength of 22.96 N/mm2 higher than that of concretes made using crushed burnt bricks at 28 days of curing with value of 15.45 N/mm2, however, the strength of concretes from crushed burnt bricks still lies within the acceptable limit. Other test carried out on the crushed burnt aggregates to ascertain their suitability were, Aggregates Impact Value test (AIV) with value at 15.68% and Aggregates Crushing Value test (ACV) with value at 23.36%. The properties and quality of the crushed burnt bricks aggregates were also determined.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a study was performed in order to determine the engineering geology and geotechnical details of soils and rocks along Tabriz Metro Line 2(TML2) by using the information and raw data which were acquired by borehole drilling and all field and laboratory tests in the study area.
Abstract: The present study was performed in order to determine the engineering geology and geotechnical details of soils and rocks along Tabriz Metro Line 2(TML2) by using the information and raw data which were acquired by borehole drilling and all field and laboratory tests in the study area. The minimum and maximum depths of the boreholes were 15 and 40 m, respectively. The results of their analysis revealed that geologically, the areas of metro route, mainly formed by alternating layers of claystone, siltstone, marl, and conglomerate, covered mainly by the alluvial deposits and in addition to older, dextral, strike-slip North Tabriz Fault (NTF) which is a major and most important geological structure of Tabriz area, there are also many minor and generally young and seismically active faults. The results of investigation on the groundwater depth in boreholes of TML2 also indicated that the groundwater depth varies between 1.5 and 30 m, along the route of metro. Eventually, based on the standard penetration test values (N-SPT), it was revealed that soils of the western parts of TML2 are in the group of dense to very dense, the central parts are in the group of very dense (Bazaar area) and dense (Fahmideh area), and the eastern parts are very dense. And finally the results achieved from determining groundwater sulfate values according to Concrete Code of Iran (CCI) indicated that the amount of soluble sulfate in the soil is mild to extremely high. Accordingly, the amount of sulfate increases from the western to the eastern parts. So that, this value is between 200 and 26,500 ppm. Based on these studies, the average of sulfate in the western, central and eastern parts is, respectively, 1118, 1275 and 4840 ppm. Thus, the groundwater in the east part is highly aggressive, and deterioration of concrete lining of the tunnel is expected in the near future.

4 citations