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Journal ArticleDOI

Foundations on Expansive soils

01 Mar 1978-Soil Science-Vol. 125, Iss: 3, pp 191
About: This article is published in Soil Science.The article was published on 1978-03-01. It has received 185 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Expansive clay.
Citations
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Book
07 Dec 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a state-dependent elasto-plastic critical state-based constitutive model of unsaturated soils is proposed for slope stability in unsaturated soil, and a case study in slope engineering is presented.
Abstract: Part 1: Physical and flow charcteristics of unsaturated soil 1 Basic physics, phases and stress state variables 2 Measurement and control of suction: methods and applications 3 Flow laws, seepage and state-dependent soil-water characteristics Part 2: Collapse, swelling, strength and stiffness of unsaturated soils 4 Collapse and swelling caused by wetting 5 Measurement of shear strength 6 Measurement of soil stiffness Part 3: State-dependent elasto-plastic modelling of unsaturated soils 7 A state-dependent elasto-plastic critical state-based constitutive model Part 4: Field trials and numerical studies in slope engineering of unsaturated soil 8 Instrumentation and performance: A case study in slope engineering 9 Engineering applications for slope stability Appendix A: Definitions Appendix B: Notations

193 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A computer-automated experimental system for determining total suction characteristic curves using relative humidity control is described in this article, which is applicable in the relatively high suction range important for fine-grained materials (7000 to 700 000 kPa).
Abstract: A computer-automated experimental system for determining total suction characteristic curves using relative humidity control is described. The system is applicable in the relatively high suction range important for fine-grained materials (7000 to 700 000 kPa). The new system has several advantages over existing suction measurement techniques; most notably, it is fully automated, has a much broader measurement range, is capable of determining both wetting and drying characteristics in significantly less time, and requires only one undisturbed sample for testing. Tests are conducted to evaluate the system response and illustrate its use in practice. Total suction characteristic curves are determined for four types of clay, ranging from highly expansive smectite to non-expansive kaolinite. Concurrent characteristic curves are determined using the filter paper method for comparison. Practical applications are demonstrated in two ways. First, select results are analyzed to assess the swelling potential of the four clays using an existing methodology based on total suction testing. Second, aspects related to the adsorption kinetics of expansive soils are evaluated by analyzing the results with a first-order kinetic model.

97 citations


Cites methods from "Foundations on Expansive soils"

  • ...Two additional columns are included where the soils are classified according to classic methodologies based on grain size and Atterberg limits testing (Seed et al. 1962; Chen 1988)....

    [...]

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of adding marble dust to RHA-stabilized expansive soil has been investigated and it was found that the addition of marble dust had made the RHA stabilized expansive soil durable.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a laboratory study undertaken to investigate the effect of Marble dusts on strength and durability of an expansive soil stabilized with optimum percentage of Rice Husk ash (RHA). The optimum percentage of RHA was found out be 10% based on Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests. Marble dust was added to RHA stabilized expansive soil up to 30%, by dry weight of the soil, at an increment of 5%. Compaction tests, UCS tests, Soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, Swelling pressure tests and Durability tests were conducted on these samples after 7 days of curing. The UCS, and Soaked CBR of RHA-stabilized expansive soil increased up to 20% addition of Marble dust. Further addition of Marble dust had negative effects on these properties. The Maximum Dry Density(MDD) and Swelling pressure of expansive soil goes on decreasing and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) goes on increasing irrespective of the percentage of addition of Marble dust to RHA stabilized expansive soil. From the Durability test results it was found that the addition of Marble dust had made the RHA stabilized expansive soil durable. For best stabilization effect the optimum proportion of Soil: Rice husk ash: Marble dust was found to be 70: 10: 20.

87 citations


Cites background from "Foundations on Expansive soils"

  • ...Because of this movement lightly loaded structures such as foundations, pavements, canal beds and linings and residential buildings founded on them are severely damaged (Chen, 1988)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
B. R. Phanikumar1
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of lime and fly ash on free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of consolidation, compression index, secondary consolidation characteristics and shear strength was compared.
Abstract: Expansive soils swell on absorbing water and shrink on evaporation thereof. Because of this alternate swelling and shrinkage, civil engineering structures founded in them are severely damaged. For counteracting the problems of expansive soils, different innovative techniques were suggested. Stabilization of expansive clays with various additives has also met with considerable success. This paper presents, by comparison, the effect of lime and fly ash on free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of consolidation, compression index, secondary consolidation characteristics and shear strength. Lime content (weight of lime/weight of dry soil) was varied as 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% and fly ash content (weight of fly ash/weight of dry soil) as 0%, 10% and 20%. A fly ash content of 20% showed significant reduction in swell potential, swelling pressure, compression index and secondary consolidation characteristics and resulted in increase in maximum dry density and shear strength. Swell pote...

79 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is a common practice around the world to stabilise black cotton soil using lime or cement to improve the strength of stabilised sub-base and sub-grade soil as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: It is a common practice around the world to stabilise black cotton soil using lime or cement to improve the strength of stabilised sub-base and subgrade soil. However, production of cement and lime...

78 citations


Cites background from "Foundations on Expansive soils"

  • ...Ecoinvent the world’s most consistent and transparent life cycle inventory database, 2018; Chen, Habert, Bouzidi, Jullien, & Ventura, 2010; Flower & Sanjayan, 2007; Habert et al., 2011; PE International’s Gabi database, 2018), the global warming potential (GWP) of fly ash, cement and lime ranges between 0.00526 and 0.027 kg CO2eq/kg, 0.82–0.948 kg CO2eq/kg and about 0.416 kg CO2eq/kg, respectively. The replacement of about 40% ordinary Portland cement with fly ash is found to reduce the carbon footprint by 36–43% (Nath, Sarker, & Biswas, 2018). In another study by Chan, Thorpe, and Islam (2015), fly ashbased geopolymer cement is reported to reduce carbon footprint by 25% as compared to ordinary Portland cement....

    [...]

  • ...Ecoinvent the world’s most consistent and transparent life cycle inventory database, 2018; Chen, Habert, Bouzidi, Jullien, & Ventura, 2010; Flower & Sanjayan, 2007; Habert et al., 2011; PE International’s Gabi database, 2018), the global warming potential (GWP) of fly ash, cement and lime ranges between 0.00526 and 0.027 kg CO2eq/kg, 0.82–0.948 kg CO2eq/kg and about 0.416 kg CO2eq/kg, respectively. The replacement of about 40% ordinary Portland cement with fly ash is found to reduce the carbon footprint by 36–43% (Nath, Sarker, & Biswas, 2018). In another study by Chan, Thorpe, and Islam (2015), fly ashbased geopolymer cement is reported to reduce carbon footprint by 25% as compared to ordinary Portland cement. Although, many literatures can be found on its application to produce building materials, application of FA-based geopolymer for subgrade and sub-base stabilisation is still rare. Sargent, Hughes, and Rouainia (2016) used a GGBS geopolymer (a low carbon binder) to improve the strength weak soil through deep dry soil mixing method. Phummiphan et al. (2016) used FA-based geopolymer to stabilise marginal laterite soil. Similarly, Mohammadinia et al. (2015) investigated stabilisation of construction and demolition waste for application in subbase and base, using FA-based geopolymer....

    [...]

  • ...It heaves up during wetting and shrinks with the formation of cracks on drying, due to the presence of montmorillonite clay mineral in the soil (Chen, 1975)....

    [...]

  • ...Ecoinvent the world’s most consistent and transparent life cycle inventory database, 2018; Chen, Habert, Bouzidi, Jullien, & Ventura, 2010; Flower & Sanjayan, 2007; Habert et al., 2011; PE International’s Gabi database, 2018), the global warming potential (GWP) of fly ash, cement and lime ranges between 0.00526 and 0.027 kg CO2eq/kg, 0.82–0.948 kg CO2eq/kg and about 0.416 kg CO2eq/kg, respectively. The replacement of about 40% ordinary Portland cement with fly ash is found to reduce the carbon footprint by 36–43% (Nath, Sarker, & Biswas, 2018). In another study by Chan, Thorpe, and Islam (2015), fly ashbased geopolymer cement is reported to reduce carbon footprint by 25% as compared to ordinary Portland cement. Although, many literatures can be found on its application to produce building materials, application of FA-based geopolymer for subgrade and sub-base stabilisation is still rare. Sargent, Hughes, and Rouainia (2016) used a GGBS geopolymer (a low carbon binder) to improve the strength weak soil through deep dry soil mixing method. Phummiphan et al. (2016) used FA-based geopolymer to stabilise marginal laterite soil....

    [...]

  • ...Ecoinvent the world’s most consistent and transparent life cycle inventory database, 2018; Chen, Habert, Bouzidi, Jullien, & Ventura, 2010; Flower & Sanjayan, 2007; Habert et al., 2011; PE International’s Gabi database, 2018), the global warming potential (GWP) of fly ash, cement and lime ranges between 0.00526 and 0.027 kg CO2eq/kg, 0.82–0.948 kg CO2eq/kg and about 0.416 kg CO2eq/kg, respectively. The replacement of about 40% ordinary Portland cement with fly ash is found to reduce the carbon footprint by 36–43% (Nath, Sarker, & Biswas, 2018). In another study by Chan, Thorpe, and Islam (2015), fly ashbased geopolymer cement is reported to reduce carbon footprint by 25% as compared to ordinary Portland cement. Although, many literatures can be found on its application to produce building materials, application of FA-based geopolymer for subgrade and sub-base stabilisation is still rare. Sargent, Hughes, and Rouainia (2016) used a GGBS geopolymer (a low carbon binder) to improve the strength weak soil through deep dry soil mixing method....

    [...]

References
More filters
Book
07 Dec 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a state-dependent elasto-plastic critical state-based constitutive model of unsaturated soils is proposed for slope stability in unsaturated soil, and a case study in slope engineering is presented.
Abstract: Part 1: Physical and flow charcteristics of unsaturated soil 1 Basic physics, phases and stress state variables 2 Measurement and control of suction: methods and applications 3 Flow laws, seepage and state-dependent soil-water characteristics Part 2: Collapse, swelling, strength and stiffness of unsaturated soils 4 Collapse and swelling caused by wetting 5 Measurement of shear strength 6 Measurement of soil stiffness Part 3: State-dependent elasto-plastic modelling of unsaturated soils 7 A state-dependent elasto-plastic critical state-based constitutive model Part 4: Field trials and numerical studies in slope engineering of unsaturated soil 8 Instrumentation and performance: A case study in slope engineering 9 Engineering applications for slope stability Appendix A: Definitions Appendix B: Notations

193 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A computer-automated experimental system for determining total suction characteristic curves using relative humidity control is described in this article, which is applicable in the relatively high suction range important for fine-grained materials (7000 to 700 000 kPa).
Abstract: A computer-automated experimental system for determining total suction characteristic curves using relative humidity control is described. The system is applicable in the relatively high suction range important for fine-grained materials (7000 to 700 000 kPa). The new system has several advantages over existing suction measurement techniques; most notably, it is fully automated, has a much broader measurement range, is capable of determining both wetting and drying characteristics in significantly less time, and requires only one undisturbed sample for testing. Tests are conducted to evaluate the system response and illustrate its use in practice. Total suction characteristic curves are determined for four types of clay, ranging from highly expansive smectite to non-expansive kaolinite. Concurrent characteristic curves are determined using the filter paper method for comparison. Practical applications are demonstrated in two ways. First, select results are analyzed to assess the swelling potential of the four clays using an existing methodology based on total suction testing. Second, aspects related to the adsorption kinetics of expansive soils are evaluated by analyzing the results with a first-order kinetic model.

97 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of adding marble dust to RHA-stabilized expansive soil has been investigated and it was found that the addition of marble dust had made the RHA stabilized expansive soil durable.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a laboratory study undertaken to investigate the effect of Marble dusts on strength and durability of an expansive soil stabilized with optimum percentage of Rice Husk ash (RHA). The optimum percentage of RHA was found out be 10% based on Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests. Marble dust was added to RHA stabilized expansive soil up to 30%, by dry weight of the soil, at an increment of 5%. Compaction tests, UCS tests, Soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, Swelling pressure tests and Durability tests were conducted on these samples after 7 days of curing. The UCS, and Soaked CBR of RHA-stabilized expansive soil increased up to 20% addition of Marble dust. Further addition of Marble dust had negative effects on these properties. The Maximum Dry Density(MDD) and Swelling pressure of expansive soil goes on decreasing and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) goes on increasing irrespective of the percentage of addition of Marble dust to RHA stabilized expansive soil. From the Durability test results it was found that the addition of Marble dust had made the RHA stabilized expansive soil durable. For best stabilization effect the optimum proportion of Soil: Rice husk ash: Marble dust was found to be 70: 10: 20.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
B. R. Phanikumar1
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of lime and fly ash on free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of consolidation, compression index, secondary consolidation characteristics and shear strength was compared.
Abstract: Expansive soils swell on absorbing water and shrink on evaporation thereof. Because of this alternate swelling and shrinkage, civil engineering structures founded in them are severely damaged. For counteracting the problems of expansive soils, different innovative techniques were suggested. Stabilization of expansive clays with various additives has also met with considerable success. This paper presents, by comparison, the effect of lime and fly ash on free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of consolidation, compression index, secondary consolidation characteristics and shear strength. Lime content (weight of lime/weight of dry soil) was varied as 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% and fly ash content (weight of fly ash/weight of dry soil) as 0%, 10% and 20%. A fly ash content of 20% showed significant reduction in swell potential, swelling pressure, compression index and secondary consolidation characteristics and resulted in increase in maximum dry density and shear strength. Swell pote...

79 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is a common practice around the world to stabilise black cotton soil using lime or cement to improve the strength of stabilised sub-base and sub-grade soil as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: It is a common practice around the world to stabilise black cotton soil using lime or cement to improve the strength of stabilised sub-base and subgrade soil. However, production of cement and lime...

78 citations