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Journal ArticleDOI

Four effects of exogenous insulin on food intake.

01 Aug 1970-Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 22, Iss: 3, pp 406-419
TL;DR: After a subcutaneous injection of bovine insulin into the rat, at first there is an augmentation of the satiety produced by nutrient eaten immediately before injection, but later, with large enough doses, feeding is elicited—perhaps simply by hastening the passage of satiety.
Abstract: After a subcutaneous injection of bovine insulin into the rat, at first there is an augmentation of the satiety produced by nutrient eaten immediately before injection. Later, with large enough doses, as has been commonly observed, feeding is elicited—perhaps simply by hastening the passage of satiety. A third type of effect is behavioural disruption, reducing food and water intake when food is withheld for an hour after injection and producing postural changes even when food is present. Fourth, repeated pairing of insulin injection with intake of water of a particular flavour (even when drunk over half an hour beforehand) depresses subsequent intake of water having that flavour, whether presented alone or together with water of another flavour which has been paired with control injections. The acquired discriminated intake change involves the initial acceptability of the flavour but changes in the inhibition of acceptability during an intake bout have not been excluded.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The LHA is discussed regarding dietary self-selection, responses to high-protein diets, amino acid imbalances, liquid and cafeteria diets, placentophagia, "stress eating," finickiness, diet texture, consistency and taste, aversion learning, olfaction and the effects of post-operative period manipulations by hormonal and other means.

391 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The adaptive importance of acquired feeding habits has long been acknowledged in research on obesity and animal foraging, but so few experiments have measured learning under physiologically and ecologically normal conditions that there is insufficient information for effective applications in the clinic and everyday life.
Abstract: The adaptive importance of acquired feeding habits has long been acknowledged in research on obesity1 and animal foraging2 for example Yet so few experiments have measured learning under physiologically and ecologically normal conditions that there is insufficient information for effective applications in the clinic and everyday life,3 the foods4 or Pharmaceuticals5 industries, or animal husbandry6 Nevertheless, it has been established that normal feeding in the laboratory rat is associatively conditioned by nutritional consequences7–11 Occasionally, aversions are conditioned However, what is usually learned is facilitation of feeding (Table 1), which accounts for much of the incentive to forage and the palatability of foods and drinks13

275 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A bibliographic list of 403 articles dealing specifically with conditioned taste aversions from 1950 to 1975 is provided in this article, where references are classified according to six major categories in a topical index.
Abstract: A bibliographic list of 403 articles dealing specifically with conditioned taste aversions from 1950–1975 is provided. In addition, the references are classified according to six major categories in a topical index. The major categories are Parameters of Conditioning, Physiological Manipulations, Pharmacological Interventions, Methodology, Comparative, and General Information. References were obtained from individual journals in psychology, physiology, pharmacology, and animal behavior and were supplemented and extended byPsychological Abstracts. A final source of references was provided by individual researchers who contributed preprints and reprints.

274 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show the size of the feeding bout on the dilute nutrient became larger than that on the more concentrated nutrient after several pairs of presentations, and differentiation was at least partly controlled by the oral cues which had been paired with nutrient differences.
Abstract: In 3 experiments with a total of 72 male albino Wistar or Sprague-Dawley rats, liquid or solid diets differing in carbohydrate or triglyceride content were presented 1 at a time to each S once or twice a day. For a given S, each caloric density consistently had a particular odor and/or taste. Results show the size of the feeding bout on the dilute nutrient became larger than that on the more concentrated nutrient after several pairs of presentations. This differentiation was at least partly controlled by the oral cues which had been paired with nutrient differences. Results were attributable to acquired differences in the development of feeding inhibition during the meal, and not to original or acquired differences in initial rate of feeding or in the preference for 1 diet over the other in 2 stimulus tests.

264 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gustatory aversions, induced in rats by conditionally pairing a distinctive flavor with a noxious drug, were readily established even when injections were delayed an hour or more, suggesting a function of the specific effects of the reinforcer on the organism.
Abstract: Gustatory aversions, induced in rats by conditionally pairing a distinctive flavor with a noxious drug, were readily established even when injections were delayed an hour or more. The optimal interstimulus interval and effectiveness of cues for learning appear to be a function of the specific effects of the reinforcer on the organism.

719 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Page 1159: A. N. Epstein and P. Teitelbaum should have said "specific loss of the hypoglycemic control of feeding in recovered lateral rats".
Abstract: Page 1159: A. N. Epstein and P. Teitelbaum. "Specific loss of the hypoglycemic control of feeding in recovered lateral rats." Page 1161, column 1, lines 11 and 12 should read, "The animals were not deprived of food before the tests."

221 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An aversion to saccharin flavored water (.1%) was conditioned in male albino rats using X-rays as the noxious stimulus and it was noted that an aversion could be formed when these stimuli were separated by as much as 12 h.
Abstract: An aversion to saccharin flavored water (.1%) was conditioned in male albino rats using X-rays as the noxious stimulus. The time interval between CS (saccharin) and US (X-ray) was varied for different groups and it was noted that an aversion could be formed when these stimuli were separated by as much as 12 h. Additional groups were run with 4% sucrose as the CS and the maximum effective time interval between CS and US was approximately 6 h.

194 citations