Fourier transform profilometry for the automatic measurement of 3-D object shapes
TL;DR: A new computer-based technique for automatic 3-D shape measurement is proposed and verified by experiments that has a much higher sensitivity than the conventional moire technique and is capable of fully automatic distinction between a depression and an elevation on the object surface.
Abstract: A new computer-based technique for automatic 3-D shape measurement is proposed and verified by experiments. In contrast to the moire contouring technique, a grating pattern projected onto the object surface is Fourier-transformed and processed in its spatial frequency domain as well as in its space-signal domain. This technique has a much higher sensitivity than the conventional moire technique and is capable of fully automatic distinction between a depression and an elevation on the object surface. There is no requirement for assigning fringe orders and interpolating data in the regions between contour fringes. The technique is free from errors caused by spurious moire fringes generated by the higher harmonic components of the grating pattern.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a fast Fourier transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed to discriminate between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour generation techniques.
Abstract: A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.
3,742 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of Fourier-Transform Profilometry and its applications in 3-D Shape Measurement and Surface Profile Measurement for Structured Light Pattern and 4-Core Optical-Fiber.
1,110 citations
TL;DR: The high resolution surface profile of a 3-D diffuse object is obtained by measurement of the phase distribution across the image of a projected sinusoidal grating deformed by the surface, based on phase-shifting interferometric techniques.
Abstract: The high resolution surface profile of a 3-D diffuse object is obtained by measurement of the phase distribution across the image of a projected sinusoidal grating deformed by the surface. A shearing polarization interferometer is used for projection. Deformed grating images are detected by an array camera and processed by a microcomputer. Surface height resolutions of better than 10 μm have been attained, limited essentially by electronic quantization noise. In contrast to direct deformed grating analysis, this method, based on phase-shifting interferometric techniques, is capable of accurate measurement even with coarse projected gratings and low density image sensing arrays. Areas of application include industrial quality control, biostereometrics, robotics, and solid modeling for computer graphics.
990 citations
TL;DR: The principles of the real-time 3D shape measurement techniques that were developed are presented, the most recent progresses that have been made in this field are summarized, and the challenges for advancing this technology further are discussed.
926 citations
Cites methods from "Fourier transform profilometry for ..."
...Fourier method, proposed by Takeda and Mutoh, that only uses a single image for 3D shape measurement is the best choice [47]....
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TL;DR: An up-to-date review and a new classification of the existingShape reconstruction using coded structured light techniques and their potentials are presented.
782 citations
References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a fast Fourier transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed to discriminate between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour generation techniques.
Abstract: A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.
3,742 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a fast Fourier transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed to discriminate between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour generation techniques.
Abstract: A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.
3,650 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that moiré contour patterns provide a useful and flexible means of contouring surfaces.
Abstract: For a number of years, observations have been made of contour-like patterns created by the moire interference of a grid with its shadow cast onto a surface. The conditions under which these patterns correspond to planar contours are derived, and systems to generate these contours are suggested. It is shown that moire contour patterns provide a useful and flexible means of contouring surfaces. Experimental results are presented.
499 citations
TL;DR: A new type of moiré and its application to topography are discussed and the fact that a contour line system and a sectional shape of the object are automatically reconstructed and displayed on a color TV monitor is very significant.
Abstract: A new type of moire and its application to topography are discussed. moire fringes are generated by observing a grating projected on an object under test with a scanning imaging device. The general equations of the projection-type moire topography are given. By controlling the phase, the pitch, or the direction of the virtual grating corresponding to the scanning lines of the imaging device, the automatic sign determination of the contour lines is accomplished. By the use of a high precision flying spot scanner with CRT(DD-tube) and a minicomputer system, an experimental measurement system is developed. Very significant is the fact that a contour line system and a sectional shape of the object are automatically reconstructed and displayed on a color TV monitor.
253 citations
TL;DR: The design and operation of the phase-locked moire contouring system, which permits a more favorable trade-off between accuracy and working depth, are described and the results of measurements made with the instrument are presented.
Abstract: Phase-locked moire systems have the advantage of rapid data acquisition and accuracy of better than one twentieth of the fringe spacing. In conventional moire systems data acquisition is performed by making a photographic plate and taking measurements from the plate either visually or with a microdensitometer. This is slow, and the accuracy is about one-quarter of the fringe spacing. The phase-locked system is more accurate and permits a more favorable trade-off between accuracy and working depth. The equations governing moire contouring are examined, and the theory of phase-locked moire fringe analysis is presented. The design and operation of the phase-locked moire contouring system are described, and the results of measurements made with the instrument are presented.
67 citations