Fractal-fractional differentiation and integration: Connecting fractal calculus and fractional calculus to predict complex system
TL;DR: In this paper, new operators of differentiation have been introduced, such as convolution of power law, exponential decay law, and generalized Mittag-Leffler law with fractal derivative, referred as fractal-fractional differential and integral operators.
Abstract: New operators of differentiation have been introduced in this paper as convolution of power law, exponential decay law, and generalized Mittag-Leffler law with fractal derivative. The new operators will be referred as fractal-fractional differential and integral operators. The new operators aimed to attract more non-local natural problems that display at the same time fractal behaviors. Some new properties are presented, the numerical approximation of these new operators are also presented with some applications to real world problem.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: A mathematical model was suggested taking into account the possibility of transmission of COVID-19 from dead bodies to humans and the effect of lock-down, and it is shown that ifLock-down recommendations are observed the threat of CO VID-19 can be reduced to zero in few months.
Abstract: Countries around the world are implementing lock-down measures in a bid to flatten the curve of the new deadly COVID-19 disease. Our paper does not claim to have found the cure for COVID-19, neither does it claim that the suggested model have taken into account all the complexities around the spread of the disease. Nonetheless, the fundamental question asked in this paper is to know if within the conditions taken into account in this suggested model, the integral lock-down is effective in saving human lives. To answer this question, a mathematical model was suggested taking into account the possibility of transmission of COVID-19 from dead bodies to humans and the effect of lock-down. Three cases were considered. The first case suggested that there is transmission from dead to the living (medical staffs as they perform postmortem procedures on corpses, and direct contacts with during burial ceremonies). This case has no equilibrium points except for disease free equilibrium, a clear indication that care must be taken when dealing with corpses due to corona-19. In the second case we removed the transmission rate from dead bodies. This case showed an equilibrium point, although the number of deaths, carriers and infected grew exponentially up to a certain stability level. In the last case, we incorporated a lock-down and social distancing effect, using the next generation matrix. We could achieve a zero reproduction number, with number of deaths, infected and carriers decaying very rapidly. This is a clear indication that if lock-down recommendations are observed the threat of COVID-19 can be reduced to zero in few months.While our mathematical model agrees with the effectiveness of the lock-down, it is important to mention damaging effects of inadequate testing. The long waiting period of few days before confirmation of status, can only lead to more infections. The asymptomatic tested person could be positive and spread the infection, or could contact the virus in days after testing and will spread the disease further, after being given a false result. Testing kit that with immediate results are needed for more efficient measures. We used Italy's Data to guide the construction of the mathematical model. To include non-locality into mathematical formulas, differential and integral operators were suggested. Properties and numerical approximations were presented in details. Finally, the suggested differential and integral operators were applied to the model.
365 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a fractal gradient of temperature is introduced to reveal the basic properties of fractal calculus and the fractal velocity and fractal material derivative are introduced to deduce laws for fluid mechanics and heat conduction in fractal space.
Abstract: Fractal calculus is very simple but extremely effective to deal with phenomena in hierarchical or porous media. Its operation is almost same with that by the advanced calculus, making it much accessible to all non-mathematicians. This paper begins with the basic concept of fractal gradient of temperature, i.e., the temperature change between two points in a fractal medium, to reveal the basic properties of fractal calculus. The fractal velocity and fractal material derivative are then introduced to deduce laws for fluid mechanics and heat conduction in fractal space. Conservation of mass in a fractal space is geometrically explained, and an approximate transform of a fractal space on a smaller scale into its continuous partner on a larger scale is illustrated by a nanofiber membrane, which is smooth on any observable scales, but its air permeability has to studied in a nano scale, under such a small scale, the nanofiber membrane becomes a porous one. Finally an example is given to explain cocoon’s heat-proof property, which cannot be unveiled by advanced calculus.
359 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fractal-fractional derivatives and integrals have been used to predict chaotic behavior of some attractors from applied mathematics, and the general conditions for the existence and the uniqueness of the exact solutions are obtained.
Abstract: In this paper, newly proposed differential and integral operators called the fractal–fractional derivatives and integrals have been used to predict chaotic behavior of some attractors from applied mathematics. These new differential operators are convolution of fractal derivative with power law, exponential decay law with Delta-Dirac property and the generalized Mittag-Leffler function with Delta-Dirac property, respectively. These new operators will be able to capture self-similarities in the chaotic attractors under investigation. We presented, in general, three numerical schemes that can be used to solve such systems of nonlinear differential equations. The general conditions for the existence and the uniqueness of the exact solutions are obtained. These new differential and integral operators applied in five selected chaotic attractors with numerical simulations for varying values of fractional order α and the fractal dimension τ have yielded very interesting results. It is to be believed that this research study will open new doors for in-depth investigation in dynamical systems of varying nature.
222 citations
06 Mar 2020
TL;DR: The Caputo fractional derivative has been one of the most useful operators for modelling non-local behaviors by fractional differential equations as discussed by the authors. But it is not a suitable operator for modeling the Mittag-Leffler function.
Abstract: The Caputo fractional derivative has been one of the most useful operators for modelling non-local behaviours by fractional differential equations. It is defined, for a differentiable function f ( t ) , by a fractional integral operator applied to the derivative f ′ ( t ) . We define a new fractional operator by substituting for this f ′ ( t ) a more general proportional derivative. This new operator can also be written as a Riemann–Liouville integral of a proportional derivative, or in some important special cases as a linear combination of a Riemann–Liouville integral and a Caputo derivative. We then conduct some analysis of the new definition: constructing its inverse operator and Laplace transform, solving some fractional differential equations using it, and linking it with a recently described bivariate Mittag-Leffler function.
169 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider an advection-dispersion model, where the velocity is considered to be 1 and the kernels are power law, exponential decay law and the generalized Mittag-Leffler kernel.
Abstract: Nonlocal differential and integral operators with fractional order and fractal dimension have been recently introduced and appear to be powerful mathematical tools to model complex real world problems that could not be modeled with classical and nonlocal differential and integral operators with single order. To stress further possible application of such operators, we consider in this work an advection-dispersion model, where the velocity is considered to be 1. We consider three cases of the models, when the kernels are power law, exponential decay law and the generalized Mittag-Leffler kernel. For each case, we present a detailed analysis including, numerical solution, stability analysis and error analysis. We present some numerical simulation.
154 citations
References
More filters
Book•
16 Feb 2013
TL;DR: This well written book is enlarged by the following topics: B-splines and their computation, elimination methods for large sparse systems of linear equations, Lanczos algorithm for eigenvalue problems, implicit shift techniques for theLR and QR algorithm, implicit differential equations, differential algebraic systems, new methods for stiff differential equations and preconditioning techniques.
Abstract: This well written book is enlarged by the following topics:
$B$-splines and their computation, elimination methods for
large sparse systems of linear equations, Lanczos algorithm for
eigenvalue problems, implicit shift techniques for the $LR$ and
$QR$ algorithm, implicit differential equations, differential
algebraic systems, new methods for stiff differential
equations, preconditioning techniques and convergence rate of
the conjugate gradient algorithm and multigrid methods for
boundary value problems. Cf. also the reviews of the German
original editions.
6,270 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a linear dissipative mechanism whose Q is almost frequency independent over large frequency ranges has been investigated by introducing fractional derivatives in the stressstrain relation, and a rigorous proof of the formulae to be used in obtaining the analytic expression of Q is given.
Abstract: Summary Laboratory experiments and field observations indicate that the Q of many non-ferromagnetic inorganic solids is almost frequency independent in the range 10-2-107 cis, although no single substance has been investigated over the entire frequency spectrum. One of the purposes of this investigation is to find the analytic expression for a linear dissipative mechanism whose Q is almost frequency independent over large frequency ranges. This will be obtained by introducing fractional derivatives in the stressstrain relation. Since the aim of this research is also to contribute to elucidating the dissipating mechanism in the Earth free modes, we shall treat the dissipation in the free, purely torsional, modes of a shell. The dissipation in a plane wave will also be treated. The theory is checked with the new values determined for the Q of spheroidal free modes of the Earth in the range between 10 and 5 min integrated with the Q of Rayleigh waves in the range between 5 and 0.6 min. Another check of the theory is made with the experimental values of the Q of the longitudinal waves in an aluminium rod in the range between lo-’ and 10-3s. In both checks the theory represents the observed phenomena very satisfactorily. The time derivative which enters the stress-strain relation in both cases is of order 0.15. The present paper is a generalized version of another (Caputo 1966b) in which an elementary definition of some differential operators was used. In this paper we give also a rigorous proof of the formulae to be used in obtaining the analytic expression of Q; moreover, we present two checks of the theory with experimental data. The present paper is a generalized version of another (Caputo 1966b) in which an elementary definition of some differential operators was used. In this paper we give also a rigorous proof of the formulae to be used in obtaining the analytic expression of Q; moreover, we present two checks of the theory with experimental data. In a homogeneous isotropic elastic field the elastic properties of the substance are specified by a description of the strains and stresses in a limited portion of the field since the strains and stresses are linearly related by two parameters which describe the elastic properties of the field. If the elastic field is not homogeneous nor isotropic the properties of the field are specified in a similar manner by a larger number of parameters which also depend on the position.
3,372 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new fractional derivative with non-local and no-singular kernel was proposed and applied to solve the fractional heat transfer model, and some useful properties of the new derivative were presented.
Abstract: In this manuscript we proposed a new fractional derivative with non-local and
no-singular kernel. We presented some useful properties of the new derivative
and applied it to solve the fractional heat transfer model.
2,364 citations
2,090 citations