Free radicals cancer and aging
08 Sep 1986-pp 325-372
About: The article was published on 1986-09-08 and is currently open access. It has received 116 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cancer.
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TL;DR: The discussion presented here provides a tabular summary of many of the redox effects on gene expression and signaling pathways that are currently known to exist, and highlights the growing number of pathways shown to be dependent on oxidation or antioxidation.
1,252 citations
TL;DR: Free radicals are found to be involved in both initiation and promotion of multistage carcinogenesis, and antioxidants, the free radical scavengers, are shown to be anticarcinogens.
1,085 citations
TL;DR: Mechanisms of in vivo ROS generation are described, the potential impact of ROS and oxidative damage on cellular function is examined, and how these responses change with aging in physiologically relevant situations are evaluated.
Abstract: Aging is an inherently complex process that is manifested within an organism at genetic, molecular, cellular, organ, and system levels. Although the fundamental mechanisms are still poorly understo...
829 citations
Cites background from "Free radicals cancer and aging"
...These molecules, acting both systemically and at the tissue level, can produce products that include both reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (153, 187, 214, 249, 284), and it is postulated that the accumulation of these reactive species contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases (47, 232)....
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...The authors recognize that the role of oxidative stress in numerous age-related pathologies is another important aspect of the aging process; however, providing a detailed assessment of this broad topic is outside the scope of this article and many reviews are currently available in this particular area (153, 187, 214, 249, 284)....
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TL;DR: Results of the study have shown a higher ROMs production and decreased CAT activity, which support the oxidative stress hypothesis in carcinogenesis and administration of CAT may be helpful in the management of BC patients.
Abstract: Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), including superoxide anion (O2*-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (*OH), play an important role in carcinogenesis. There are some primary antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) which protect against cellular and molecular damage caused by the ROMs. We conducted the present study to determine the rate of O2*- and H2O2 production, and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of lipid peroxidation, along with the SOD, GPx and CAT activities in 54 breast cancer (BC) patients. Forty-two age- and sex-matched patients with minor surgical problems, who had no history of any neoplastic or breast disorders, were taken as controls. The rate of O2*- production was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in BC patients than controls, irrespective of clinical stages and menopausal status. Similarly, H2O2 production was significantly higher in BC patients, especially in stage III and postmenopausal groups, as compared to the respective controls. MDA concentration was also observed significantly elevated in stage II (p < 0.001), stage III (p < 0.01), postmenopausal (p < 0.005), and premenopausal (p < 0.02) group as compared to their corresponding controls. SOD and GPx activities were found significantly raised in all the groups (p < 0.001), except the GPx activity was found a smaller alteration in stage IV (p < 0.02). On the contrary, CAT activity was found significantly depressed in all the study groups. The maximum depression was observed in stage II (-61.8%). Lower CAT activity in our study may be the effect of higher production of ROMs, particularly O2*- and *OH. SOD and GPx, however, were less effected by these higher ROMs production. The results of our study have shown a higher ROMs production and decreased CAT activity, which support the oxidative stress hypothesis in carcinogenesis. The relatively higher SOD and GPx may be due to the response of increased ROMs production in the blood. However, the higher SOD and GPx activities may be inadequate to detoxify high levels of H2O2 into H2O leading to the formation of the most dangerous *OH radical followed by MDA. Therefore, administration of CAT may be helpful in the management of BC patients. However, further elaborate clinical studies are required to evaluate the role of such antioxidant enzymes in BC management.
349 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the recent progress in the studies of the role of reactive oxygen species, cytokines and ionizing radiation in NF-kappaB activation.
295 citations