Freeman: Responsibility of States for Unlawful Acts of Their Armed Forces
About: This article is published in Michigan Law Review.The article was published on 1959-06-01. It has received 25 citations till now.
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01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review as discussed by the authors, while a published version is the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Abstract: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a lecture combinee des dispositions de cette branche du droit and des projets d'articles permetres permet de mieux etablir comment des Etats tiers peuvent et doivent reagir aux violations des Conventions de Geneve et de leurs Protocoles additionnels.
Abstract: La Commission du droit international a adopte en 2001 les projets d'articles sur la responsabilite des Etats pour fait internationalement illicite. L'auteur examine et analyse ces articles et les commentaires formules par la Commission concernant la responsabilite des Etats pour des violations du droit international humanitaire. Cet examen clarifie de nombreuses questions relatives a l'imputation de violations a des Etats ou a d'autres acteurs, aux circonstances telles que la necessite qui sont parfois invoquees pour justifier les violations et, en particulier, aux consequences pour un Etat des infractions commises. Quant a la mise en application de la responsabilite pour des violations du droit international humanitaire, la lecture combinee des dispositions de cette branche du droit et des projets d'articles permet de mieux etablir comment des Etats tiers peuvent et doivent reagir aux violations des Conventions de Geneve et de leurs Protocoles additionnels.
90 citations
01 Jan 2000
53 citations
Monograph•
07 Mar 2013TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the law that applies to private military and security companies active in situations of armed conflict, focusing on international humanitarian law and examine the limits in international law on how states may use private actors, taking the debate beyond the question of whether PMSCs are mercenaries.
Abstract: A growing number of states use private military and security companies (PMSCs) for a variety of tasks, which were traditionally fulfilled by soldiers This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the law that applies to PMSCs active in situations of armed conflict, focusing on international humanitarian law It examines the limits in international law on how states may use private actors, taking the debate beyond the question of whether PMSCs are mercenaries The authors delve into issues such as how PMSCs are bound by humanitarian law, whether their staff are civilians or combatants, and how the use of force in self-defence relates to direct participation in hostilities, a key issue for an industry that operates by exploiting the right to use force in self-defence Throughout, the authors identify how existing legal obligations, including under state and individual criminal responsibility should play a role in the regulation of the industry
46 citations
Dissertation•
26 Feb 2004
30 citations