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Journal ArticleDOI

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
20 Oct 2011
TL;DR: An application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip for the SC-FDE is implemented on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 180 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and the degradation of measured Eb/N0 from computer simulation is found to be less than 1 dB.
Abstract: Since single-carrier (SC) transmission using frequency domain equalization (FDE) with minimum mean square error (MMSE) operates at lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), SC-FDE with MMSE is a main candidate for uplink of cellular system such as long term evolution (LTE). In this paper, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip for the SC-FDE is implemented on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 180 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). The chip size is 5.86 mm2. The power consumption is 200 mW at data rate of 4.86 Mbit/s. In the condition of 16 paths uniform power delay profile, at a bit error rate (BER) of 10−4, the degradation of measured E b /N 0 from computer simulation is found to be less than 1 dB.

6 citations


Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...For highspeed data transmissions, single carrier (SC) systems using frequency domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion are attractive as they are very efficient in combating the effects of frequency selective fading while maintaining the low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) advantage of SC schemes over OFDM[1], [2]....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Oct 2008
TL;DR: The proposed SC-SFE outperforms previous layered space frequency (LSF) receivers with imperfect channel knowledge and yields equal diversity gains to all data streams without the error propagation that is common to most LSF schemes.
Abstract: In this paper, a frequency domain (FD) receiver architecture implemented using estimated channel parameters is derived for broadband single carrier modulations. Co-channel and inter-symbol interferences are compensated by a minimum mean squared error based integrated space-frequency-equalizer (SFE) using the estimated parameters. The integrated SFE in the FD consists of coupled FIR structures, that are jointly optimized by maximizing the desired signal to interference plus noise ratio. We develop analytical expressions and present simulation results for the integrated SFE. Simulation results demonstrate that excellent receiver performance is achieved even for channels with large ISI spans. The proposed SC-SFE outperforms previous layered space frequency (LSF) receivers with imperfect channel knowledge. Further, the parallel receiver architecture yields equal diversity gains to all data streams without the error propagation that is common to most LSF schemes.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
30 Mar 2014
TL;DR: A synchronization scheme and a data recovery approach for high-rate cooperative communications for CBS methodology is suggested and the cyclic prefix is added to the preamble for the synchronization.
Abstract: The CBS methodology has been utilized in order to make a rapid broadcast of emergency alert based on cellular systems. We present a synchronous cooperative communication method for the CBS. Especially, we suggest a synchronization scheme and a data recovery approach for high-rate cooperative communications. For the high-rate transfer of emergency alert, the cyclic prefix is added to the preamble for the synchronization. For the data recovery, the Alamouti technique is utilized on frequency domain, which is similar to SC-FDE. The simulation results confirm that our proposed scheme is very suitable for the CBS.

6 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...또한 시간 옵셋 존재 시 주파수 선택 채널 환경에서 수신 데이터의 정확한 복구를 위해 SC-FDE(Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization) 기법([9])과 유사한 복구 방 식을 제안한다....

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  • ...또한 시간 옵셋 존재 시 주파수 선택 채널 환경에서 수신 데이터의 정확한 복구를 위해 SC-FDE(Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization) 기법[9]과 유사한 복구 방 식을 제안한다....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 May 2011
TL;DR: A power-function companding scheme to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of SC-FDMA signals and can offer better PAPR reduction by properly choosing the control parameters.
Abstract: The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) standard has adopted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) in downlink and single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) scheme for the uplink transmissions, which utilizes single carrier modulation and frequency domain equalization. In this paper, we proposed a power-function companding scheme to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of SC-FDMA signals. The proposed companding scheme can transform the original SC-FDMA signals into power-function-distributed. Moreover, the scheme can compress the large signals, while maintaining the average power constant. Computer simulation results show that the proposed companding scheme can offer better PAPR reduction by properly choosing the control parameters.

6 citations


Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...One prominent advantage over OFDMA is that the SCFDMA signal has lower PAPR because of its inherent single carrier structure[3]....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
22 Apr 2007
TL;DR: A new iterative receiver technique is proposed, which can cancel both the nonlinear distortion effects and the interblock interference effects, through a modified iterative decision-feedback procedure, simultaneously providing the appropriate CP reconstruction effects.
Abstract: When a low-PMEPR (peak-to-mean envelope power ratio) is intended for OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) transmission, a well known solution is to resort to signal processing schemes that involve nonlinear operations (e.g., an appropriate clipping) in the time domain. In this paper, where we consider an OFDM-based transmission under a deliberate nonlinear distortion and a complementary frequency-domain filtering, we assume that the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) is below the channel memory order. In this context, a new iterative receiver technique is proposed, which can cancel both the nonlinear distortion effects and the interblock interference effects, through a modified iterative decision-feedback procedure, simultaneously providing the appropriate CP reconstruction effects. A set of performance results is used to show the practical interest of the proposed approach for power/bandwidth efficient OFDM-based block transmission.

6 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...Mixed CP-assisted solutions have already been proposed, with OFDM for the downlink and SC for the uplink [2], [3], [4]....

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References
More filters
Book
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.
Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

16,062 citations


"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....

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  • ...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
Jr. L.J. Cimini1
TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

2,627 citations


"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

  • ...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....

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  • ...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....

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Book
Simon Haykin1
01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.
Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

1,816 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
D. Chu1
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.
Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

1,624 citations