scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal Article•DOI•

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

David Falconer1, S.L. Ariyavisitakul, A. Benyamin-Seeyar2, B. Eidson3•
Carleton University1, Harris Corporation2, Conexant3
01 Apr 2002-IEEE Communications Magazine (IEEE)-Vol. 40, Iss: 4, pp 58-66
TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
Joint frequency-domain differential detection and equalization for DS-CDMA signal transmissions in a frequency-selective fading channel

[...]

Le Liu1, Fumiyuki Adachi1•
Tohoku University1
01 Mar 2006-IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
TL;DR: It is confirmed by both approximate BER analysis and computer simulation that MMSE-FDDDE provides good BER performance close to the coherent MMSE -FDE and shows high robustness against the Doppler spread; it outperforms coherent MM SE-FDE for large Dopplers spreads.
Abstract: It has been revealed that direct sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) can achieve a good bit-error rate (BER) performance, comparable to multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), by using coherent frequency-domain equalization (FDE) instead of coherent Rake combining However, coherent FDE requires accurate channel estimation Pilot-assisted channel estimation is a practical solution, but its accuracy is sensitive to the Doppler spread In this paper, a frequency-domain differential encoding and detection scheme is proposed for a DS-CDMA mobile radio Joint frequency-domain differential detection and equalization (FDDDE) based on minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion is presented, where a simple decision feedback filter is used to provide a reliable reference signal for MMSE-FDDDE Also presented is an approximate BER analysis It is confirmed by both approximate BER analysis and computer simulation that MMSE-FDDDE provides good BER performance close to the coherent MMSE-FDE and shows high robustness against the Doppler spread; it outperforms coherent MMSE-FDE for large Doppler spreads The proposed MMSE-FDDDE can also be applied to MC-CDMA A performance comparison between uncoded DS- and MC-CDMA shows that DS-CDMA with MMSE-FDDDE achieves better BER performance than MC-CDMA with MMSE-FDDDE for small spreading factors

6 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...In MC-CDMA, the data symbol to be transmitted is spread over a number of subcarriers; hence, the frequency-diversity gain can be attained by using coherent frequency-domain equalization (FDE) [9]....

    [...]

On the Comparative Performance Analysis of Turbo-Coded Non-Ideal Sigle-Carrier and Multi-Carrier Waveforms over Wideband Vogler-Hoffmeyer HF Channels

[...]

A. Savascihabes1, Fatih Genç2, Ozgur Ertug1, M. A. Resat1•
Gazi University1, Çankaya University2
01 Sep 2014
TL;DR: The simulations show that non-ideal turbo-coded OFDM has better performance with greater diversity than non-Ideal Turbo-coded SC-FDE system in HF channel.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to compare the turbo-coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and turbo-coded Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) systems under the effects of Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), Symbol Timing Offset (STO) and phase noise in wide-band Vogler-Hoffmeyer HF channel model. In mobile communication systems multipath propagation occurs. Therefore channel estimation and equalization is additionally necessary. Furthermore a nonideal local oscillator generally is misaligned with the operating frequency at the receiver. This causes carrier frequency offset. Hence in coded SC-FDE and coded OFDM systems; a very efficient, low complex frequency domain channel estimation and equalization is implemented in this paper. Also Cyclic Prefix (CP) based synchronization synchronizes the clock and carrier frequency offset. The simulations show that non-ideal turbo-coded OFDM has better performance with greater diversity than non-ideal turbo-coded SC-FDE system in HF channel.

6 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...In order to mitigate the PAPR problem, Single-Carrier (SC) transmission uses single-carrier modulation instead of many sub-carriers [1-3]....

    [...]

Proceedings Article•DOI•
Frequency-domain single-carrier spread spectrum with joint FDE and spectrum combining

[...]

Amnart Boonkajay1, Tatsunori Obara1, Tetsuya Yamamoto1, Fumiyuki Adachi1•
Tohoku University1
01 Dec 2013
TL;DR: Performance of the proposed FDSS is evaluated by computer simulation in aspects of bit-error rate, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and average throughput, and then compared to the conventional TDSS scheme with spreading sequence.
Abstract: In this paper, a DFT-based frequency-domain spread spectrum (FDSS) technique for SC transmission is introduced. The transmitted data is initially transformed to frequency-domain signal by using DFT. Frequency-domain spreading can achieve large frequency diversity gain through joint frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and spectrum combining. Performance of the proposed FDSS is evaluated by computer simulation in aspects of bit-error rate (BER), peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and average throughput, and then compared to the conventional TDSS scheme with spreading sequence.

6 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...Joint MMSE-FDE with spectrum combining [9] is also used at the receiver....

    [...]

  • ...It is seen that BER performance of the proposed FDSS transmission outperforms the conventional TDSS transmission using MMSE-FDE....

    [...]

  • ...This is because joint MMSE-FDE with spectrum combining minimizes the meansquare error (MSE) between the signals before spreading and after de-spreading....

    [...]

  • ...(9) Joint MMSE-FDE and spectrum combining is applied at the receiver to reduce the impact from frequency-selective fading and to recover the original M frequency-domain signal....

    [...]

  • ...Joint MMSE-FDE with spectrum combining is introduced by W with the dimension of M×Nc, which is cNMSF ×− = ][ 110 WWWW , (10) where Wn is an M×M matrix expressed by −+ + = 1))1(( ,,1)(,)( M SF SFnW M SF nSFWM SF nSFW diagn W ....

    [...]

Proceedings Article•DOI•
Implementation of Single Carrier Packet Transmission with Frequency Domain Equalization

[...]

V. Gheorghiu1, Suguru Kameda1, Tadashi Takagi1, Kazuo Tsubouchi1, Fumiyuki Adachi •
Tohoku University1
24 Oct 2008
TL;DR: A robust timing synchronization scheme for SC-FDE packet transmission is presented and its implementation is discussed and its performance is analyzed through experimental data.
Abstract: Single-carrier (SC) transmission using frequency domain equalization (FDE) is one of the candidates for the next generation mobile communication systems expected to deliver high-speed and high-quality packet data services. Fast synchronization is critical for the performance of packet transmission systems. In this paper, a robust timing synchronization scheme for SC-FDE packet transmission is presented and its implementation is discussed. The proposed scheme uses an integration process to find the optimum timing of the guard interval (GI). An SC-FDE packet transmission system is implemented on a FPGA and its performance is analyzed through experimental data.

6 citations

Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...For highspeed data transmission, single carrier (SC) systems using frequency domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion are attractive as they are very efficient in combating the effects of frequency selective fading while maintaining the low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) advantage of SC schemes over OFDM[1],[2]....

    [...]

  • ...In [5], synchronization for SC-FDE is considered based on the similarities with OFDM and a different preamble sequence is used....

    [...]

Proceedings Article•
Link-level performance of star 32/64QAM schemes using frequency domain equalizer for DFT-precoded OFDMA

[...]

Chihiro Mori1, Teruo Kawamura2, Nobuhiko Miki2, Mamoru Sawahashi1•
Tokyo City University1, NTT DoCoMo2
31 Dec 2012
TL;DR: This paper presents the average block error rate (BLER) performance of star 32/64QAM schemes employing a frequency domain equalizer (FDE) with the BLER performance of the cross 32QAM or square 64QAM scheme as a reference in discrete Fourier transform-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA).
Abstract: This paper presents the average block error rate (BLER) performance of star 32/64QAM schemes employing a frequency domain equalizer (FDE) with the BLER performance of the cross 32QAM or square 64QAM scheme as a reference in discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). The star QAM scheme has an advantageous feature in that the fluctuation in the amplitude component is smaller than that for the cross or square QAM scheme. The feature of the paper is that we focus on the actual received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) taking into account a realistic peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) measure called the cubic metric (CM) considering the non-linearity of the power amplifier. Link-level computer simulation results show that the star QAM constellation with independent bit mapping for the phase and amplitude modulations achieves a lower required average received SNR considering the CM compared to that with the minimum Euclidian distance but with composite mapping of the phase and amplitude modulations. Through extensive link-level simulations, we show the potential benefit of the star 32/64QAM schemes in terms of reducing the required average received SNR considering the CM that satisfies the target average BLER compared to the cross 32QAM or square 64QAM scheme.

6 citations

Cites background or methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...Then, using the estimated channel impulse response, the linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) weight at the u-th frequency component at the m-th receiver branch, u Wm , is given as 2 1 0 m m m H u H u W * [4],[5]....

    [...]

  • ...Discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) (also called DFT-spread OFDMA) is adopted for SC-FDMA signal generation in the frequency domain [2],[3], to achieve high commonality with OFDMA in the downlink and affinity to frequency domain equalizers (FDEs) [4],[5]....

    [...]

References
More filters
Book•
Adaptive Filter Theory

[...]

Simon Haykin
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.
Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

16,062 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....

    [...]

  • ...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Analysis and Simulation of a Digital Mobile Channel Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[...]

Jr. L.J. Cimini1•
Bell Labs1
01 Jul 1985-IEEE Transactions on Communications
TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

2,627 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

  • ...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....

    [...]

  • ...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....

    [...]

Book•
Adaptive filter theory (2nd ed.)

[...]

Simon Haykin1•
McMaster University1
01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise

[...]

Thierry Pollet1, M. Van Bladel1, Marc Moeneclaey1•
Ghent University1
01 Feb 1995-IEEE Transactions on Communications
TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.
Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

1,816 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.)

[...]

D. Chu1•
Hewlett-Packard1
01 Jul 1972-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.
Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

1,624 citations

Related Papers (5)
Transmission techniques for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting

[...]

01 Feb 1995-IEEE Communications Magazine
Hikmet Sari, Georges Karam, I. Jeanclaude
Digital Communications

[...]

01 Jan 1983
John G. Proakis
Single carrier FDMA for uplink wireless transmission

[...]

01 Sep 2006-IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine
Hyung G. Myung, Junsung Lim, David J. Goodman
A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications

[...]

01 Oct 1998-IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Siavash Alamouti
Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.)

[...]

01 Jul 1972-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
D. Chu