Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

doi:10.1109/35.995852

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Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

Journal Article•DOI•

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

David Falconer¹, S.L. Ariyavisitakul, A. Benyamin-Seeyar², B. Eidson³•Institutions (3)

Carleton University¹, Harris Corporation², Conexant³

01 Apr 2002-IEEE Communications Magazine (IEEE)-Vol. 40, Iss: 4, pp 58-66

TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Proceedings Article•DOI•

On performance of Vector OFDM with Zero-Forcing receiver

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Yabo Li¹, Ibo Ngebani², Xiang-Gen Xia²•Institutions (2)

Zhejiang University¹, University of Delaware²

01 Oct 2012

TL;DR: The diversity order for Vector OFDM with ZF receiver is analyzed, and it is shown that the diversity order equals 1 and the performance is the same as the conventional OFDM at high SNR.

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Abstract: Vector OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for single transmit antenna systems is a general transmission scheme, where OFDM and SC-FDE (Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization) can be treated as two special/extreme cases. Due to its flexibility, it has drawn more and more attention recently. So far, all the studies about Vector OFDM assume the ML (Maximum Likelihood) receiver. In this paper, we investigate the performance of Vector OFDM with the ZF (Zero-Forcing) receiver. We firstly show that for the ZF receiver, all the transmitted symbols have equal performance. This is different from the Vector OFDM with ML receiver, where different VBs may have different coding gain, and thus may have different performances. We then analyze the diversity order for Vector OFDM with ZF receiver, and show that the diversity order equals 1 and the performance is the same as the conventional OFDM at high SNR.

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4 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...Furthermore, OFDM has very high PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio), which puts high requirements on the PA (Power Amplifier) and increases the transceiver cost [6]....
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Dissertation•

Time diversity solutions to cope with lost packets

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Miguel Ramos Pereira

01 Jan 2012

TL;DR: In this article, a dissertation submitted to the Departamento de Engenharia Electrotecnica of Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia of Universidade Nova de Lisboa in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was presented.

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Abstract: A dissertation submitted to Departamento de Engenharia Electrotecnica of Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia of Universidade Nova de Lisboa in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engenharia Electrotecnica e de Computadores

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4 citations

Cites background or methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...Single Carrier with Frequency Division Equalizer (SC-FDE) (the modulation scheme) [Falconer et al., 2002] and SC-FDMA [Tse and Viswanath, 2005] (the multi-access version) schemes are widely recognized as the best candidates for the uplink transmission of broadband wireless systems, since the transmitted signals have reduced envelope fluctuations, allowing efficient power amplification, and the signal processing requirements are concentrated at the receiver (i.e. the BS) [Falconer et al., 2002]....
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...The cyclic prefix can be combined with a training sequence for equalizer adaptation [Falconer et al., 2002]....
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...With this scheme, several advantages [Falconer et al., 2002] are achieved: a reduced PAPR compared to OFDM is obtained, thereby allowing the use of less costly power amplifiers; the performance is similar to that of OFDM when coding is employed; the reduced complexity advantage of OFDM is also achieved; and coding is not essential for fighting frequency selectivity, as it is in nonadaptive OFDM....
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...Single Carrier with Frequency Division Equalizer (SC-FDE) (the modulation scheme) [Falconer et al., 2002] and SC-FDMA [Tse and Viswanath, 2005] (the multi-access version) schemes are widely recognized as the best candidates for the uplink transmission of broadband wireless systems, since the transmitted signals have reduced envelope fluctuations, allowing efficient power amplification, and the signal processing requirements are concentrated at the receiver (i....
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...106 SC-FDE Single Carrier with Frequency Division Equalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 SC-FDMA Single Carrier with Frequency Division Multiple Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 SDMA Space Division Multiple Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SDU Service Data Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Investigation on LLR Computation at FDE Output with Receiver Diversity Using Low-Rate Turbo Code for DFT-Precoded OFDMA

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Keita Miwa¹, Teruo Kawamura², Nobuhiko Miki³, Mamoru Sawahashi¹•Institutions (3)

Tokyo City University¹, NTT DoCoMo², Kagawa University³

01 Sep 2013

TL;DR: Computer simulation results show that theLLR computation using the signal after combining the receiver branches is more appropriate than the LLR computation with combining the squared minimum Euclidean distances in the probability domain with a low-to-high turbo coding rate.

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Abstract: This paper presents the block error rate (BLER) performance of a posteriori log-likelihood ratio (LLR) computation methods at the output of a frequency domain equalizer (FDE) with antenna diversity reception using a low-rate turbo code for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In the paper, we propose an a posteriori LLR computation method based on the minimum squared Euclidean distance of the signal after coherently combining the FDE output of all receiver diversity branches. We compare the BLER performance level of the proposed LLR computation method to that for the conventional LLR computation method in which the a posteriori LLR is given as a summation of the minimum squared Euclidean distances of all receiver branches. In the BLER comparison, we consider the influences of noise correlation after frequency domain equalization and the channel estimation error. Computer simulation results show that the LLR computation using the signal after combining the receiver branches is more appropriate than the LLR computation with combining the squared minimum Euclidean distances in the probability domain with a low-to-high turbo coding rate as the a posteriori LLR at the FDE output associated with receiver diversity for DFT-precoded OFDMA.

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4 citations

Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...Discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded OFDMA (also called DFT-spread OFDMA) is adopted to generate SC-FDMA signals in the frequency domain [2],[3] to achieve high commonality with OFDMA in the downlink and affinity to frequency domain equalizers (FDEs) [4],[5]....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Joint transmitter and receiver design with adaptive beamforming in MIMO SC-FDMA systems

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Gang Xiong¹, Shalinee Kishore¹•Institutions (1)

Lehigh University¹

22 May 2011

TL;DR: Overall signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of estimated symbols is maximized by selecting appropriate transmit power, transmit and receive beamforming weights and frequency domain-linear equalization (FD-LE) weight.

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Abstract: This paper presents the joint transmitter and receiver design with adaptive beamforming for multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems. Overall signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of estimated symbols is maximized by selecting appropriate transmit power, transmit and receive beamforming weights and frequency domain-linear equalization (FD-LE) weight. Closed-form solutions unveil a symmetric design of the transmitter and receiver. In addition, two suboptimal system designs with closed form solutions are investigated.

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4 citations

Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...Index Terms— MIMO, SC-FDMA, adaptive beamforming, optimal power allocation....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Multiuser Detection for the Uplink of Prefix-Assisted DS-CDMA Systems Employing Multiple Transmit and Receive Antennas

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Paulo Silva, Rui Dinis¹•Institutions (1)

Technical University of Lisbon¹

01 Sep 2006

TL;DR: An efficient frequency-domain receiver structure with iterative MUD (Multiuser Detection) that can be close to the single-user matched filter bound, even for fully loaded systems and/or severely time-dispersive channels is presented.

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Abstract: In this paper we consider the uplink transmission within a DS-CDMA system employing CP-assisted (Cyclic Prefix) block transmission techniques combined with spatial multiplexing techniques that require multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver We present an efficient frequency-domain receiver structure with iterative MUD (Multiuser Detection) The performance of the proposed receiver can be close to the single-user matched filter bound, even for fully loaded systems and/or severely time-dispersive channels

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4 citations

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References

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More filters

Book•

Adaptive Filter Theory

[...]

Simon Haykin

01 Jan 1986

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.

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Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

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16,062 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....
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...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Analysis and Simulation of a Digital Mobile Channel Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

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Jr. L.J. Cimini¹•Institutions (1)

Bell Labs¹

01 Jul 1985-IEEE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.

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Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

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2,627 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....
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...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....
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Book•

Adaptive filter theory (2nd ed.)

[...]

Simon Haykin¹•Institutions (1)

McMaster University¹

01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise

[...]

Thierry Pollet¹, M. Van Bladel¹, Marc Moeneclaey¹•Institutions (1)

Ghent University¹

01 Feb 1995-IEEE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.

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Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

...read moreread less

1,816 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.)

[...]

D. Chu¹•Institutions (1)

Hewlett-Packard¹

01 Jul 1972-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.

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Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

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1,624 citations