Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

doi:10.1109/35.995852

Home
/
Papers
/
Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

Journal Article•DOI•

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

David Falconer¹, S.L. Ariyavisitakul, A. Benyamin-Seeyar², B. Eidson³•Institutions (3)

Carleton University¹, Harris Corporation², Conexant³

01 Apr 2002-IEEE Communications Magazine (IEEE)-Vol. 40, Iss: 4, pp 58-66

TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

read less

Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

...read moreread less

Content maybe subject to copyright Report

Citations

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Subspace beamforming with capacity-balancing channel decomposition

[...]

Sirikiat Ariyavisitakul¹, Jun Zheng¹, Eric Ojard¹, Joonsuk Kim¹•Institutions (1)

Broadcom¹

06 Jul 2008

TL;DR: The proposed subspace GMD scheme requires only two layers of detection/decoding, regardless of the total number of subchannels, thus alleviating the latency issue associated with conventional GMD, and makes the optimization of ML beamforming and ML detection itself feasible for any K times K MIMO system.

...read moreread less

Abstract: A subspace beamforming method is presented that decomposes a MIMO channel into multiple pairs of subchannels. The pairing is done based on singular values such that similar channel capacity is obtained between different subchannel pairs. This new capacity balancing concept is key to achieving high performance with low complexity. We apply the subspace idea to geometric mean decomposition (GMD) and maximum likelihood (ML) detection. The proposed subspace GMD scheme requires only two layers of detection/decoding, regardless of the total number of subchannels, thus alleviating the latency issue associated with conventional GMD. We also show how the subspace concept makes the optimization of ML beamforming and ML detection itself feasible for any K times K MIMO system. Simulation results show that subspace beamforming performs nearly as well as optimum GMD performance, and to within only a few dB of the Shannon bound.

...read moreread less

2 citations

Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...In general, capacity summation is possible through: (i) bit loading based on channel feedback [9], (ii) coding across subchannels with a single error-correcting codeword [10], (iii) spectrum factorization [11], and (iv) capacity balancing, such as geometric mean decomposition (GMD) [7] and the singular value pairing method described in this paper....
[...]

Orthogonal Code-Multiplexed Frequency-Domain Single-Carrier Spread Spectrum

[...]

Amnart Boonkajay¹, Fumiyuki Adachi¹•Institutions (1)

Tohoku University¹

11 Dec 2013

TL;DR: In this article, an orthogonal code multiplexing technique for the FDSS called multi-code single-carrier spread spectrum (MC-SC-FDSS) was proposed for code division multi-access.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The authors have proposed a frequency-domain single-carrier spread spectrum (SC-FDSS) transmission technique, which achieves better bit-error rate (BER) and better power amplifier-dependent energy efficiency comparing with time-domain spread spectrum (TDSS). However, its wider transmission bandwidth leads to low spectrum efficiency, implying that a multiplexing technique is necessary. In this paper, we introduce an orthogonal code multiplexing technique for the FDSS called multi-code single-carrier FDSS (MC-SC-FDSS) for code division multi-access. The signal block to be transmitted is firstly transformed into frequency-domain signal by discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and then code multiplexing is done to achieve narrower transmit bandwidth. Joint frequency-domain equalization based on minimum mean-square error criterion (MMSE-FDE) and de-spreading is carried out for acquiring frequency diversity gain. Theoretical analysis and simulation results in terms of BER and PAPR of both single-code and multi-code SC-FDSS are shown and compared with conventional TDSS and multi-carrier SS (MCSS) Keyword Single-carrier (SC) transmission, spread spectrum (SS), code-division multiplexing (CDM)

...read moreread less

2 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...This is because joint FDE and de-spreading minimizes the MSE between the signal before spreading and after de-spreading, indicating that residual ISI is suppressed more in the proposed FDSS, especially when the spreading and de-spreading are done in frequency domain....
[...]
...For simplicity of analysis, the residual ISI, ICI plus noise after FDE is assumed to be zero-mean complex-valued Gaussian random variable [13]....
[...]
...On the other hand, single-carrier (SC) transmission [3] is more attractive for uplink communication in LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system because of lower PAPR compared to OFDM, while the use of frequency-domain equalization (FDE) can effectively suppress the impact of ISI [4]....
[...]
...Introduction Broadband wireless channel is characterized as a frequency-selective fading channel, in which inter-symbol interference (ISI) degrades system performance in terms of bit-error rate (BER) [1]....
[...]
...The second term and the third term in (16) represent residual ISI plus inter-code interference (ICI) in case of multi-code transmission....
[...]

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Application of cyclostationarity to joint signal detection, classification, and blind parameter estimation

[...]

Octavia A. Dobre¹, Robert Inkol², Sreeraman Rajan²•Institutions (2)

Memorial University of Newfoundland¹, Defence Research and Development Canada²

01 Dec 2010

TL;DR: This paper provides a brief overview of selected achievements by the cyclostationarity-based joint signal detection, classification, and blind parameter estimation that have important applications in signal intelligence, spectrum surveillance and management, and are highly relevant to spectrum sensing and awareness in cognitive radio.

...read moreread less

Abstract: This paper provides a brief overview of selected achievements by our group concerning cyclostationarity-based joint signal detection, classification, and blind parameter estimation [1]–[9]. These developments have important applications in signal intelligence, spectrum surveillance and management, and are highly relevant to spectrum sensing and awareness in cognitive radio.

...read moreread less

2 citations

Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...CP-SCLD schemes employ block transmission with a CP of L symbols inserted at the beginning of each block of N data symbols [16]-[17]....
[...]
...The model in (4) also holds for CP-SCLD, with Sl either as an information data symbol or part of the cyclic prefix (CP) [16] [17]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Single-Carrier Multi-User MIMO Downlink with Time-Domain Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding

[...]

Shohei Yoshioka¹, Shinya Kumagai¹, Fumiyuki Adachi¹•Institutions (1)

Tohoku University¹

01 Feb 2016-IEICE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: A new SC-MU-MIMO downlink with time-domain THP which can pre-remove both ISI and IUI if perfect channel state information (CSI) is available is proposed, and vector perturbation is introduced to SC-TDTHP (called SC- TDTHP w/VP).

...read moreread less

Abstract: Nonlinear precoding improves the downlink bit error rate (BER) performance of multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MUMIMO). Broadband single-carrier (SC) block transmission can improve the capability that nonlinear precoding reduces BER, as it provides frequency diversity gain. This paper considers Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) as a nonlinear precoding scheme for SC-MU-MIMO downlink. In the SC-MU-MIMO downlink with frequency-domain THP proposed by Degen and Rrühl (called SC-FDTHP), the inter-symbol interference (ISI) is suppressed by transmit frequency-domain equalization (FDE) after suppressing the inter-user interference (IUI) by frequency-domain THP. Transmit FDE increases the signal variance, hence transmission performance improvement is limited. In this paper, we propose a new SC-MU-MIMO downlink with time-domain THP which can pre-remove both ISI and IUI (called SC-TDTHP) if perfect channel state information (CSI) is available. Modulo operation in THP suppresses the signal variance increase caused by ISI and IUI pre-removal, and hence the transmission quality improves. For further performance improvement, vector perturbation is introduced to SC-TDTHP (called SC-TDTHP w/VP). Computer simulation shows that SC-TDTHP achieves better BER performance than SC-FDTHP and that SC-TDTHP w/VP offers further improvement in BER performance over SC-MU-MIMO with VP (called SC-VP). Computational complexity is also compared and it is showed that SC-TDTHP and SC-TDTHP w/VP incur higher computational complexity than SC-FDTHP but lower than SC-VP. key words: MU-MIMO, Tomlinson-Harashima precoding, single-carrier downlink, time-domain, vector perturbation

...read moreread less

2 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...2015EBT0001 with compensation of the spectrum distortion caused by the channel’s frequency-selectivity [14], [15], the nonlinear precoding schemes are capable of improving further the BER performance as it provides frequency diversity gain....
[...]

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Random access transmit power control algorithm of LTE system in relay network

[...]

Doohwan Lee¹, Hiroyuki Morikawa¹•Institutions (1)

University of Tokyo¹

01 Sep 2009

TL;DR: A problem caused by the introduction of relay network is addressed, and a solution is provided that includes the power control strategy for both downlink broadcast signal and uplink random access signal.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Random access process of LTE (long term evolution) system is carried out exploiting the superior correlation property of random access code. Each user unit transmits randomly selected random access code, and the Node B (base station) detects each code by correlating the received signal with all possible random access codes. By comparing the correlation output power to the threshold, randomly selected codes are identified. This paper considers random access process of LTE system in relay network. A problem caused by the introduction of relay network is addressed, and a solution is provided. The proposed solution includes the power control strategy for both downlink broadcast signal and uplink random access signal. Simulation results show that the addressed problem is overcome by the proposed power control algorithm while the backward compatibility is maintained.

...read moreread less

2 citations

Cites result from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...Inherently, it has low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) while having similar system complexity with OFDMA [3]....
[...]
...Thus, SC-FDMA is regarded as an alternative to OFDMA which suffers from high PAPR, especially in the uplink system....
[...]

Collapse

References

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Book•

Adaptive Filter Theory

[...]

Simon Haykin

01 Jan 1986

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

...read moreread less

16,062 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....
[...]
...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Analysis and Simulation of a Digital Mobile Channel Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[...]

Jr. L.J. Cimini¹•Institutions (1)

Bell Labs¹

01 Jul 1985-IEEE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.

...read moreread less

Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

...read moreread less

2,627 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....
[...]
...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....
[...]

Book•

Adaptive filter theory (2nd ed.)

[...]

Simon Haykin¹•Institutions (1)

McMaster University¹

01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise

[...]

Thierry Pollet¹, M. Van Bladel¹, Marc Moeneclaey¹•Institutions (1)

Ghent University¹

01 Feb 1995-IEEE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.

...read moreread less

Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

...read moreread less

1,816 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.)

[...]

D. Chu¹•Institutions (1)

Hewlett-Packard¹

01 Jul 1972-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.

...read moreread less

Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

...read moreread less

1,624 citations