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Journal ArticleDOI

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Dec 2007
TL;DR: The proposed FDE-OPIC with 2 iterations can even achieve the same performance as FDE with ordered successive interference cancellation (FDE-OSIC) while still holding low complexity in severe frequency selective channel.
Abstract: Single carrier (SC) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system with frequency domain equalization (FDE) is regarded as one of the best candidates for uplink broadband wireless communication systems. This paper proposes a FDE with ordered parallel interference cancellation (FDE-OPIC) for uplink SOMIMO system. Due to the gain brought by the ordering and Gauss-Seidel iteration, the proposed FDE-OPIC outperforms FDE with parallel interference cancellation (FDE-PIC) by about 1~2 dB when target BER equals 10E-3. Besides, FDE-OPIC with 2 iterations can even achieve the same performance as FDE with ordered successive interference cancellation (FDE-OSIC) while still holding low complexity in severe frequency selective channel.
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) and its wireless applications and present several possible future research topics.
Abstract: In recent years, single-carrier system has again become an interesting and complementary alternative to multi-carrier system such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). This has been largely due to the use of frequency domain equalizer implemented by means of fast Fourier transforms (FFT), bringing the complexity close to that of OFDM. This paper aims at providing an overview of single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) and its Wireless applications. We review the brief history and system model of SC-FDE, and the integration of SC-FDE and other wireless transmission techniques. We also present several possible future research topics about SC-FDE.

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...However, FD equalization has been renewed interest as a strong competitor to OFDM and been demonstrated its potential in high-speed broadband wireless access until 2002 by Falconer and Ariyavistakul [5]....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
25 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the path planning problem in the process of lending book to improve the management efficiency of university library, and proposed an optimization solution without additional investment in the circumstances, and achieved the goal of improving and enhancing working efficiency and service quality.
Abstract: For the purpose of improving the management efficiency of university library, the operations research methods are used to study the path planning problem in the process of lending book. The mathematical model of the lending process is established, the impact of the efficiency in the five segments with different orders is analyzed. On this basis, the optimization solution is proposed without additional investment in the circumstances, and the goal of improving and enhancing working efficiency and service quality is achieved.

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...S INGLE-CARRIER frequency-domain equalization (SCFDE) has a similar structure and performance as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) [1]....

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  • ...w = [w1 w2 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅wM 2 ] = ⎨⎩ [1], M = 2 [2 1]/ √ 5, M = 4 [4 2 1]/ √ 21, M = 6....

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  • ...I. INTRODUCTION S INGLE-CARRIER frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) has a similar structure and performance as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) [1]....

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  • ...Recently, the SC-FDE has drawn great attention as an alternative to OFDM, especially in the uplink communications, where lower peakto-average power ratio (PAPR) benefits the mobile equipment in terms of power efficiency [1], [2]....

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  • ..., s1 and s2 are 16-QAM sequences, and w = [1]....

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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a machine-learning framework was proposed to predict the best modulation order and coding rate for new realizations of the channel state without modeling the input-output relation ship of the wireless transceiver.
Abstract: Multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) wireless systems use link adaptation to exploit the dynamic nature of wireless envi- ronments. Link adaptation maximizes throughput while maintain- ing target reliability by adaptively selecting the modulation order and coding rate. Link adaptation is extremely challenging, how- ever, due to the difficulty in predicting error rates in OFDM with binary convolutional codes, bit interleaving, MIMO processing, and real channel impairments. This paper proposes a new machine-learning framework that exploits past observations of the error rate and the associated channel-state information to predict the best modulation order and coding rate for new realizations of the channel state without modeling the input-output relation- ship of the wireless transceiver. Our approach is enabled through our new error-rate expression that is only parameterized by post- processing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), ordered over subcarriers and spatial streams. Using ordered SNRs, we propose a low- dimensional feature set that enables machine learning to increase the accuracy of link adaptation. An IEEE 802.11n simulation study validates the application of this machine-learning frame- work in real channels and demonstrates the improved perfor- mance of SNR ordering as it compares with competing link-quality metrics. Index Terms—Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), con- volutional coding, IEEE 802.11n, machine learning, multiple- input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ordering, supervised learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel frequency-domain equalization (FDE) for SC-STBC transmit diversity in doubly selective fading channel achieves BER performance superior to conventional FDE, which was designed based on the assumption of a quasi-static fading.
Abstract: Single-carrier (SC) transmission with space-time block coded (STBC) transmit diversity can achieve good bit error rate (BER) performance. However, in a high mobility environment, the STBC codeword orthogonality is distorted and as consequence, the BER performance is degraded by the interference caused by the orthogonality distortion of STBC codeword. In this paper, we proposed a novel frequency-domain equalization (FDE) for SC-STBC transmit diversity in doubly selective fading channel. Multiple FDE weight matrices, each associated with a different code block, are jointly optimized based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion taking into account not only channel frequency variation but also channel time variation over the STBC codeword. Computer simulations confirm that the proposed robust FDE achieves BER performance superior to conventional FDE, which was designed based on the assumption of a quasi-static fading. key words: space-time block coding, frequency-domain equalization, doubly selective fading
References
More filters
Book
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.
Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

16,062 citations


"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....

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  • ...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
Jr. L.J. Cimini1
TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

2,627 citations


"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

  • ...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....

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  • ...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....

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Book
Simon Haykin1
01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.
Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

1,816 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
D. Chu1
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.
Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

1,624 citations