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Journal ArticleDOI

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Citations
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Book
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce SC-FDMA Signal Processing Subcarrier Mapping Time Domain Representation of SC−FDMA Signals SC-CFDMA and CDMA with Frequency Domain Equalization Single Carrier Code-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC−CFDMMA)
Abstract: This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction SC‐FDMA Signal Processing Subcarrier Mapping Time Domain Representation of SC‐FDMA Signals SC‐FDMA and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access SC‐FDMA and CDMA with Frequency Domain Equalization Single Carrier Code‐Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC‐CFDMA) Summary References

38 citations

Book
03 Jul 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a distributed spacetime coding scheme for single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) for wireless relay networks where users cooperate to send their data to the destination is presented.
Abstract: SC-FDMA for Mobile Communications examines Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). Explaining this rapidly evolving system for mobile communications, it describes its advantages and limitations and outlines possible solutions for addressing its current limitations.The book explores the emerging trend of cooperative communication with SC-FDMA and how it can improve the physical layer security. It considers the design of distributed coding schemes and protocols for wireless relay networks where users cooperate to send their data to the destination.Supplying you with the required foundation in cooperative communication and cooperative diversity, it presents an improved Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)-based SC-FDMA system. It introduces a distributed spacetime coding scheme and evaluates its performance and studies distributed SFC for broadband relay channels. Presents relay selection schemes for improving the physical layer Introduces a new transceiver scheme for the SC-FDMA system Describes spacetime/frequency coding schemes for SC-FDMA Includes MATLAB codes for all simulation experiments The book investigates Carrier Frequency Offsets (CFO) for the Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) SC-FDMA system, and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) SC-FDMA system simulation software. Covering the design of cooperative diversity schemes for the SC-FDMA system in the uplink direction, it also introduces and studies a new transceiver scheme for the SC-FDMA system.

38 citations


Cites background or methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...The required number of equalizer coefficients increases with the amount of ISI....

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  • ...However, if the delay spread is no longer small as compared to the symbol duration, then the ISI spans over one or more symbols, and it severely affects the received signal....

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  • ...However, broadband wireless channels suffer from a severe frequency-selective fading, which causes ISI [2,3]....

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  • ...The compensator for the ISI is called an equalizer....

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  • ...FDE provides a simple yet very efficient solution for combating ISI....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors experimentally demonstrate wavelength conversion of coherent signals in an InAs/InGaAsP/InP columnar quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier by using low power single pump four-wave mixing.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate wavelength conversion of coherent signals in an InAs/InGaAsP/InP columnar quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier by using low power single pump four-wave-mixing. We report highly efficient conversion, i.e., 30 nm conversion span with a conversion efficiency larger than -10 dB and output optical signal to noise ratio larger than 20 dB. Transparency to coherent modulation formats is demonstrated in a 25 nm conversion of 10 GBaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8-phase shift keying (PSK) and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. We found 0.9 to 1.1 dB optical signal to noise ratio penalty at forward error correction error free limit of 2 × 10-3 bit error rate for all the signals.

38 citations


Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...The digital signal processing, including carrier frequency offset compensation [16] and frequency domain equalization [17], were performed off-line based on the channel state information acquired via the preambles appended on the top of each transmitted data block....

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Patent
16 Jul 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for applying frequency-domain equalization in a DS-CDMA system was proposed, either by augmenting the transmitted data block before it is scrambled by appending a prefix and a suffix known to or knowable by the receiver, or by augmentation the data block after scrambling but prior to transmission so that it has a scrambled cyclic prefix.
Abstract: A method of, and system for applying frequency-domain equalization in a DS-CDMA system, either by augmenting the transmitted data block before it is scrambled by appending a prefix and a suffix known to or knowable by the receiver or by augmenting the transmitted data block after it is scrambled but prior to transmission so that it has a scrambled cyclic prefix. In the former case, the receiver synthesizes one of the prefix, the data block, or the suffix that would have been received if the augmented transmitted data block after scrambling had had a cyclic prefix.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analytical closed-form expressions are derived for the cyclic autocorrelation function (CAF), cyclic spectrum (CS), complementary CAF (CCAF), complementary CS (CCS), and corresponding cycle frequencies (CFs) and the conditions for avoiding aliasing in the cycle and spectral frequency domains are obtained.
Abstract: This paper investigates the second-order cyclostationarity of block transmitted-single carrier linearly digitally modulated (BT-SCLD) signals, and its applications to signal classification and blind (non-data aided) parameter estimation. Analytical closed-form expressions are derived for the cyclic autocorrelation function (CAF), cyclic spectrum (CS), complementary CAF (CCAF), complementary CS (CCS), and corresponding cycle frequencies (CFs). Furthermore, the conditions for avoiding aliasing in the cycle and spectral frequency domains are obtained. Based on these findings, we propose algorithms for classifying BT-SCLD, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and SCLD signals, and for the blind estimation of the BT-SCLD block transmission parameters. Simulation and laboratory experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms under low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), short sensing times, and various channel conditions. Furthermore, these algorithms have the advantage of not requiring the recovery of carrier, waveform, and symbol timing information, or the estimation of signal and noise powers.

38 citations


Cites background or methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...The comparison of OFDM and BT-SC under various scenarios has been an intensive topic of research for the last two decades [4]–[7]....

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  • ...Block transmitted single carrier (BT-SC) signals have been introduced as an alternative way of achieving comparable performance, efficiency, and computational cost [4]–[7]....

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  • ...A block transmission scheme is used in BT-SCLD based systems; each block consists of a CP of L symbols added at the beginning of every N information data symbols [4]–[7]....

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References
More filters
Book
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.
Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

16,062 citations


"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....

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  • ...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
Jr. L.J. Cimini1
TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

2,627 citations


"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

  • ...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....

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  • ...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....

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Book
Simon Haykin1
01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.
Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

1,816 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
D. Chu1
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.
Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

1,624 citations