Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

doi:10.1109/35.995852

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Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

Journal Article•DOI•

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

David Falconer¹, S.L. Ariyavisitakul, A. Benyamin-Seeyar², B. Eidson³•Institutions (3)

Carleton University¹, Harris Corporation², Conexant³

01 Apr 2002-IEEE Communications Magazine (IEEE)-Vol. 40, Iss: 4, pp 58-66

TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Cyfrowy demodulator dla systemów bezprzewodowych na platformie Software Defined Radio z użyciem FPGA

[...]

G. Haza

01 Jan 2011

Journal Article•

듀얼모드 LTE-FDD/TDD 및 듀얼모드 WiMAX-TDD/LTE-TDD에 대한 실현가능성 연구

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조봉열, 김진영

01 Oct 2010-The Journal of the Institute of Webcasting, Internet and Telecommunication

TL;DR: FDD를 사용하 하나로 여겨지는 LTE-FDD가 "4G" 무선 광대역 엑세스의 강력한 후보기술

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Abstract: FDD를 사용하는 영역에서는 LTE-FDD가 “4G" 무선 광대역 엑세스의 강력한 후보기술의 하나로 여겨지는 한편, 최근 LTE-TDD가 TD-SCDMA의 진화 경로 및 일부 경우에는 WiMAX-TDD에 대한 진화 경로로서 떠오르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 LTE-TDD에 관하여 다음의 두 가지 조합의 듀얼모드 구현에 대한 실현가능성을 분석한다: 듀얼모드 LTE-FDD/TDD 및 듀얼모드 WiMAX-TDD/LTE-TDD. LTE-FDD 및 LTE-TDD 사이의 시스템 파라미터, 용어사용 및 프레임 구조에서의 공통성에 따라 듀얼모드 LTE-FDD/TDD가 비용면에서 효율적으로 구현이 가능함을 보인다. 또한, 스케줄링 알고리즘, 제어 메카니즘 및 지원하는 스펙트럼 대역에서의 공통성에 따라 듀얼모드 WiMAX-TDD/ LTE-TDD 역시 비용면에서 효율적으로 구현이 가능함을 보인다. 시스템 파라미터 및 프레임 구조에서의 공통성은 칩을 구현하는데 매우 중요한 부분이며, 알고리즘 및 제어 메카니즘에서의 공통성은 구현된 칩이 얼마나 잘 동작하느냐에 매우 중요한 부분임을 주목한다.

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Throughput of DS-CDMA Wireless Packet Access with Frequency-domain Equalization and Random TPC

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Ito Haruki, Kudoh Eisuke, Wang ZhiSen, Adachi Fumiyuki

27 Feb 2008

TL;DR: IPI を大幅に抑圧する技術として周波数領域等化(FDE)が注目されている.

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Abstract: あらまし筆者らはこれまで,強制的に受信電力ゆらぎを与えるランダム送信電力制御(TPC)を Rake 合成を用いる直接拡散符号分割多重(DS-CDMA)無線パケットアクセスに適用すればキャプチャ効果によりリンク容量を増大できること,ランダム TPC にパス間干渉(IPI)キャンセルを組み合わせればスループットを更に向上できること,を明らかにしてきた.最近,IPI を大幅に抑圧する技術として周波数領域等化(FDE)が注目されている.そこで本論文では,FDE とランダム TPC を併用する DS-CDMA 無線パケットアクセスの受信信号電力対雑音+干渉電力比(SINR) の数式表現を導出し,それを用いてシステムスループットを数値計算により求めている.さらに,Rake 合成を適用したときと FDE を適用したときのシステムスループットを比較し,FDE による IPI の抑圧効果を明らかにしている.

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Additional excerpts

...Keyword Wireless packet access, capture effect, transmit power control, IPI cancellation, FDE, DS-CDMA 1....
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...ところで最近,シングルキャリア伝送において IPI を抑圧する技術として周波数領域等化 (FDE)が注目されている [6],[7]....
[...]
...まえがき無線パケットアクセスでは，ユーザがパケットをランダムに送信するのでパケット衝突が発生しスループットが劣化してしまう．ところで，衝突パケット間の受信電力差が小さい場合には全てのパケットが損失してしまうが，パケット受信電力差が大きい場合には受信電力の大きなパケットの伝送は成功するというキャプチャ効果が得られ，衝突によるスループット劣化を低減できることが知られている [1],[2]．そこで，筆者らは強制的に受信電力にゆらぎを与えるランダム送信電力制御 (TPC)を DS-CDMA 無線パケットアクセスに用いることを提案した [3]．移動通信では伝送速度を高速化すると分解可能なパス数が増加しパス間干渉 (IPI)が大きくなるためにスループットが大幅に劣化してしまう．筆者らは，ランダム TPC を用いるマルチコード DS-CDMA スロッテッドアロハに IPI キャンセラ [4]を適用すれば，スループットを大幅に向上できることを明らかにした [5]．ところで最近，シングルキャリア伝送において IPI を抑圧する技術として周波数領域等化 (FDE)が注目されている [6],[7]．本論文では， DS-CDMA スロッテッドアロハに FDE を適用したときのスループットを明らかにする．本論文の構成は以下のようになっている．第 2 章で強制的に受信電力にゆらぎを与えるランダム TPC の原理について述べ，システムスループットの計算手法を簡単に示す．第 3 章では，周波数領域等化を適用したときの受信信号電力対雑音＋干渉電力比 (SINR)の数式表現を求める．第 4 章では，スループットのシミュレーション結果を述べ，FDE の効果について考察する．第 5 章はむすびである． 2....
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...[10] J. G. Proakis, Digital communications, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1995． 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Traffic G Sy st em th ro ug hp ut S SF =8,λ0=0.05,L =16,γth=10dB MMSE-FDE ZF-FDE Rake Rake w/perfect IC (a)高速 TPC 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Traffic G Sy st em th ro ug hp ut S SF =8,λ0=0.05,L =16,γth=10dB Δ=12dB,ε -=0.6 MMSE-FDE ZF-FDE Rake Rake w/perfect IC (b)ランダム高速 TPC 図 2 SF=8 の場合のシステムスループット特性 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Traffic G Sy st em th ro ug hp ut S SF =1,λ0=0.05,L =16,γth=10dB MMSE-FDE ZF-FDE Rake Rake w/perfect IC (a)高速 TPC 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Traffic G Sy st em th ro ug hp ut S SF =1,λ0=0.05,L =16,γth=10dB Δ=12dB,ε -=0.6 MMSE-FDE ZF-FDE Rake Rake w/perfect IC (b)ランダム高速 TPC 図 3 SF=1 の場合のシステムスループット特性...
[...]
...[5] 伊藤陽紀 , 王智森 , 工藤栄亮 , 安達文幸 , “DS-CDMA 無線パケット通信におけるランダム送信電力制御とパス間干渉キャンセルの複合効果 ,” 信学技報 , RCS2007-66, 2007 年 8 月 [6] D....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Enhanced Frequency-Domain Signal Detection for Single-Carrier Spatial Modulation Systems

[...]

Yinman Lee¹, Sok-Ian Sou•Institutions (1)

National Chi Nan University¹

11 Sep 2018

TL;DR: To lower the frequency-domain equalization complexity, a special recursive method to invert the Gram matrix in the minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) weight calculation is considered and a better compromise between the computational complexity and the error rate is shown.

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Abstract: It is shown that spatial modulation (SM) can be effectively combined with single-carrier (SC) transmission to obtain the advantages in both aspects for broadband wireless communications. However, the signal detection methods for the cyclic-prefix (CP) based SC-SM system are generally not sophisticated enough to provide good performance in many scenarios. In this paper, to lower the frequency-domain equalization complexity, we first consider employing a special recursive method to invert the Gram matrix in the minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) weight calculation. Second, energy detection is used to locate the active transmit antennas for each SM symbol. Simple single-symbol maximum likelihood (ML) detection can then be used to extract the transmitted modulated symbols in those active transmit antennas with negligible loss in the error-rate performance. On the other hand, $M$ -algorithm is applied for enhancing the error rate to various extents. Results show that a better compromise between the computational complexity and the error rate can

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Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...On the other hand, single-carrier (SC) transmission is proved to effectively combat the frequency-selective fading with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and thus is selected for use in the uplink transmission for the long-term evolution (LTE) [2]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

A Low-Complexity Graph-Based LMMSE Receiver for MIMO ISI Channels with M-QAM Modulation

[...]

Pinar Sen¹, Ali Ozgur Yilmaz²•Institutions (2)

University of California, San Diego¹, Middle East Technical University²

13 May 2014-arXiv: Information Theory

TL;DR: This paper introduces an efficient way of computing extrinsic bit log-likelihood ratio values for the LMMSE estimation compatible with higher order alphabets, which is shown to perform better than the other methods in the literature.

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Abstract: In this paper, we propose a low complexity graph-based linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) equalizer in order to remove inter-symbol and inter-stream interference in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication. The proposed state space representation inflicted on the graph provides linearly increasing computational complexity with block length. Also, owing to the Gaussian assumption used in the presented cycle-free factor graph, the complexity of the suggested equalizer structure is not affected by the size of the signalling space. In addition, we introduce an efficient way of computing extrinsic bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values for LMMSE estimation compatible with higher order alphabets which is shown to perform better than the other methods in the literature. Overall, we provide an efficient receiver structure reaching high data rates in frequency selective MIMO systems whose performance is shown to be very close to a genie-aided matched filter bound through extensive simulations.

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References

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Book•

Adaptive Filter Theory

[...]

Simon Haykin

01 Jan 1986

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.

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Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

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16,062 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....
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...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Analysis and Simulation of a Digital Mobile Channel Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[...]

Jr. L.J. Cimini¹•Institutions (1)

Bell Labs¹

01 Jul 1985-IEEE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.

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Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

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2,627 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....
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...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....
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Book•

Adaptive filter theory (2nd ed.)

[...]

Simon Haykin¹•Institutions (1)

McMaster University¹

01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise

[...]

Thierry Pollet¹, M. Van Bladel¹, Marc Moeneclaey¹•Institutions (1)

Ghent University¹

01 Feb 1995-IEEE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.

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Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

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1,816 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.)

[...]

D. Chu¹•Institutions (1)

Hewlett-Packard¹

01 Jul 1972-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.

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Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

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1,624 citations