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Journal Article•DOI•

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Citations
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Dissertation•
31 Jan 2017
TL;DR: This thesis evaluated the Bit Error Ratio performance and transmission efficiency in multiple scenarios, and applied Slepian-Wolf code to the C-RAN system and evaluated the compression rate achieved in fronthaul networks.
Abstract: The Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has been proposed for the provision of advanced fourth and fifth generation wireless communication services. The C-RAN system have been shown to reduce costs, and can provide high spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. The fronthaul in such networks, defined as the transmission links between Remote Radio Units (RRUs) and a central Baseband Unit (BBU), usually has high fronthaul load and constrained capacity. In this thesis, we explore and investigate the basic C-RAN system structure, based on which we propose two developed C-RAN systems. With each system we evaluate the Bit Error Ratio (BER) performance and transmission efficiency in multiple scenarios, and give advanced solutions to reduce the fronthaul load. We also analyse the effect of quantization on BPSK and QPSK modulation schemes, with different detection methods. Error control in fronthaul transmission is considered as erroneous frames may be received at the BBU. Error Detection Coding and Error Correction Coding approaches can be applied to the fronthaul network. They may increase the fronthaul latency, but great improve the end-to-end BER performance. Source compression techniques such as Slepian-Wolf (SW) coding can compress two correlated sources separately and de-compress them jointly. Since each RRU serves many user terminals, and some of them may also be served by another neighbour RRU, which results similarly in correlation of the received data between two RRUs. In this thesis, we applied the SW code to the C-RAN system and evaluate the compression rate achieved in fronthaul networks.
Proceedings Article•DOI•
01 Sep 2015
TL;DR: Through comparative performance evaluation, it is shown that the proposed FLAT method can accurately evaluate the BER of the GFDMA system and the difference between the theoretical and simulated BER curves is at most 0.1 dB.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the bit error rate (BER) performance of grouped frequency division multiple access (GFDMA) using a tool known as finite length analytical tool (FLAT). We derive the equations of the FLAT method including the variance of the equalizer output signal for different iterations. We use this value to calculate the BER of the equalizer output when a specific set of sub-carriers are assigned to more than one user. Through comparative performance evaluation, we show that the proposed FLAT method can accurately evaluate the BER of the GFDMA system and the difference between the theoretical and simulated BER curves is at most 0.1 dB. Thus, we can efficiently utilize the FLAT method to design the GFDMA system and avoid extensive simulations required to determine the number of users transmitting over the same sub-carriers simultaneously.
Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: A novel equalizer for single carrier Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting system is proposed by combining with a maximum ratio combing (MRC) receiver diversity block and accordingly a frequency domain maximum ratios combing decision feedback filter (FD-MRC-DFE) structure is obtained.
Abstract: Abstract A novel equalizer for single carrier Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting system is proposed. Because of the state-of-art equalization normally uses frequency domain DFE scheme, herein, we suggested combining with a maximum ratio combing (MRC) receiver diversity block and accordingly a frequency domain maximum ratio combing decision feedback filter (FD-MRC-DFE) structure is obtained. The theoretically optimal filter coefficients are also presented. Field test of Chinese Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting (DTTB) single carrier system adopting this method was carried out to validate its performance. The performance promotion is proved by the test result which shows that the proposed mechanism has practical value to apply in reality receiver.
Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The PAPR performance of single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDMA) is improved using LFDMA and IFDMA with and without pulse shaping and simulation results show better performance of the proposed scheme than the existing technique.
Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a well-known modulation technique for transmission of large amount of digital data with high data rate in both wired and wireless communication systems. High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is the main problem of OFDM system which can be improved by using single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) technique. A new scheme using LFDMA and IFDMA technique is proposed for further reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). It transforms the SC-FDMA signal by properly choosing the transform parameters for achieving a favorable tradeoff between PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER) performances. The simulation results show better performance of the proposed scheme than the existing technique. In this paper, we have improved the PAPR performance of single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDMA) using LFDMA and IFDMA with and without pulse shaping.
Proceedings Article•DOI•
01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: The structure and performance of single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) system are analyzed, and the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization algorithm is discussed for frequency selective fading channel.
Abstract: In this article, first the structure and performance of single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) system are analyzed, and the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization algorithm is discussed for frequency selective fading channel. Next, the application of spatial modulation (SM) technology is introduced in SC-FDE system, and simulations are made to compare the bit error rate (BER) performance of SC-FDE systems with Alamouti space time coding, V-BLAST and SM, respectively. Finally, Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) is considered to use in SM-SC-FDE system to suppress the influence of channel correlation on the system and improve the system performance.
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.
Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

16,062 citations


"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....

    [...]

  • ...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Jr. L.J. Cimini1•
TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

2,627 citations


"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

  • ...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....

    [...]

  • ...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....

    [...]

Book•
Simon Haykin1•
01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.
Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

1,816 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
D. Chu1•
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.
Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

1,624 citations