Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems
TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
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27 Feb 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a comprehensive introduction of the distributed MIMO cooperative transmission technique which has been developed under the framework of national 5G research & development (4-year project of 2015 2018) funded by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive introduction of the distributed MIMO cooperative transmission technique which has been developed under the framework of national 5G research & development (4-year project of 2015 2018) funded by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan. The distributed MIMO cooperative transmission includes single-user space-time block code transmit diversity (STBC-TD), multi-user minimum mean square error (MMSE) based filtering jointly used with eigenmode filtering obtained by singular value decomposition (SVD), called MMSE-SVD in short, and blind selected mapping (blind SLM). The bit error rate (BER), link capacity, and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)-complexity tradeoff performances of distributed MIMO cooperative transmission, evaluated by extensive numerical and computer simulation, are presented. Furthermore, the interference coordination techniques, i.e., the user clustering and the decentralized inter-cell (or inter-BS) interference coordination (ICIC), for further improving the area spectrum efficiency and for enhancing the flexible and scalable deployment of distributed MIMO system are also presented.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of FIGURE FIGURES and their relationships with their families: http://www.figures.org.uk/index.cfm/
Abstract: vii LIST OF FIGURES xiii CHAPTER
Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."
...SC-FDE has been adopted for the LTE uplink [44,45]....
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TL;DR: This paper discusses the EST based modulation that has originally been proposed for QPSK and discusses its extension to 8 PSK and 16 QAM and the performance of the extended system is verified through simulation in Proakis B and 8-tap fading channel.
Abstract: Energy spreading transform (EST) based modulation is an effective technique to combat frequency-selective fading in broadband wireless communication. It performs close to the inter-symbol interference (ISI)-free matched filter bound (MFB) only at the complexity of a linear detector. Originally, EST-based modulation has been proposed for QPSK. However, to fully utilize the capacity of multipath fading channels, higher-order modulations are also necessary. In this paper, we review the EST based modulation that has originally been proposed for QPSK and discuss its extension to 8 PSK and 16 QAM. The performance of the extended system is verified through simulation in Proakis B and 8-tap fading channel. The EST based modulation for 8 PSK shows the performance which is very close to MFB and the EST based modulation for 16 QAM shows the performance gap between its receiver and MFB.
11 Jan 2016
TL;DR: It is shown by theoretical analysis that channel time variation within a STBC codeword causes not only the interference caused by the code orthogonality distortion but also ISI and that the proposed robust FDE can suppress not onlyThe interference causedBy computer simulation that derived theoretical BER curve corresponds to computer simulation results well.
Abstract: Dept. of Communications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-05 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan E-mail: miyazaki@mobile.ecei.tohoku.ac.jp, adachi@ecei.tohoku.ac.jp Abstract Recently, we proposed a robust frequency-domain equalization (FDE) suitable for single-carrier (SC) space-time block coding (STBC) diversity in a high mobility environment and showed that the proposed robust FDE can achieve larger allowable maximum Doppler frequency for the required bit error rate (BER) than conventional FDE. However, the past study for SC-STBC diversity in a high mobility environment was done by computer simulation only. In this paper, we provide theoretical analysis for SC-STBC diversity using the robust FDE in a high mobility environment. We derive the exact solutions of the received signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) after STBC decoding and the conditional BER in SC-STBC diversity in a high mobility environment by considering channel time variation within each fast Fourier transform (FFT) block. It is shown by theoretical analysis that channel time variation within a STBC codeword causes not only the interference caused by the code orthogonality distortion but also ISI and that the proposed robust FDE can suppress not only the interference caused by the code orthogonality distortion but also ISI. It is also shown by computer simulation that derived theoretical BER curve corresponds to computer simulation results well. Keyword Space-time block coding, high mobility environment, frequency-domain equalization
Additional excerpts
...周波数選択性 フェージングを克服する技術として,最小平均二乗誤 差(MMSE)規範に基づく周波数領域等化(FDE)[2-4] が広く知られている....
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25 Sep 2014
TL;DR: A novel LMS equalizer (FDE) for compensating polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in polarization-multiplexed coherent fiber-optic systems based on the least mean squares (LMS) method with unstructured channel estimation (USE).
Abstract: We present a novel LMS equalizer (FDE) for compensating polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in polarization-multiplexed coherent fiber-optic systems based on the least mean squares (LMS) method with unstructured channel estimation (USE). It is a low-complexity algorithm compared to the traditional time-domain decision-directed LMS (DD-LMS) algorithm. Also, it converges faster and shows better bit error rate (BER) performance as compared to the frequency-domain block training-directed LMS (BTD-LMS) method.
Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."
...(6) we can update each component of transfer function H directly....
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...(5), we have ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , , , , , , ( ) ( ) ( ) (j) , , , , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , , ,y , , , ( ) ( ) ( ) , , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) j j j j odd out x odd x even out x even x j j xx xy j odd in x even in y j j j j odd out y odd even out y even y j j yx yy j odd in x f N f f N f H H f f f N f f N f H H f Ψ − Ψ − = = Ψ Ψ Ψ − Ψ − = = Ψ ( ) , , ) ( ) j even in y f Ψ (6)...
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.
Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.
16,062 citations
"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper
...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....
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...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....
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TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.
2,627 citations
"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper
...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....
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...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....
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TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.
Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >
1,816 citations
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.
Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.
1,624 citations