Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

doi:10.1109/35.995852

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Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

Journal Article•DOI•

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

David Falconer¹, S.L. Ariyavisitakul, A. Benyamin-Seeyar², B. Eidson³•Institutions (3)

Carleton University¹, Harris Corporation², Conexant³

01 Apr 2002-IEEE Communications Magazine (IEEE)-Vol. 40, Iss: 4, pp 58-66

TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Designing triangular filters for Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) receivers

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Saman S. Abeysekera¹•Institutions (1)

Nanyang Technological University¹

01 Dec 2011

TL;DR: A novel filter design method has been proposed for implementing linear Continuous Phase Modulation receivers based on the observation of all possible waveform tracks at the receiver to obtain a triangular filter which can be efficiently implemented in hardware.

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Abstract: A novel filter design method has been proposed for implementing linear Continuous Phase Modulation receivers. The design is based on the observation of all possible waveform tracks at the receiver. A piece-wise approximation is subsequently used to obtain a triangular filter which can be efficiently implemented in hardware. The resulting filters have shown excellent bit error rate performances in comparison with the existing CPM receivers. For improved bit error rate performances a modified CPM frequency pulse is also proposed.

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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Frequency-domain pre-equalization transmit diversity for DS-CDMA mobile radio

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Hiromichi Tomeba¹, Kazuki Takeda¹, Fumiyuki Adachi¹•Institutions (1)

Tohoku University¹

05 Dec 2005

TL;DR: This paper proposes frequency-domain pre-equalization transmit diversity (FPTD), which employs pre- equalization using multiple transmit antennas with transmit power constraint, in order to transform a frequency-selective channel seen at a base station receiver to a close-to-frequency-nonselective channel.

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Abstract: Recently, frequency-domain equalization has been attracting an attention for improving the single-carrier transmission (i.e. DS-CDMA) performance in a frequency-selective fading channel. In the case of uplink transmissions, the orthogonality among users' signals is lost since each user's signal goes through a different fading channel and hence, the use of frequency-domain equalization at the receiver cannot sufficiently improve the uplink transmission performance. In this paper, we propose frequency-domain pre-equalization transmit diversity (FPTD), which employs pre-equalization using multiple transmit antennas with transmit power constraint, in order to transform a frequency-selective channel seen at a base station receiver to a close-to-frequency-nonselective channel. The BER performance with proposed frequency-domain pre-equalization transmit diversity is evaluated by computer simulation.

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Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) is an effective technique for improving the single-carrier (SC) transmission performance in a frequency-selective fading channel [2]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Performance comparison of single-carrier and multi-carrier waveforms over terahertz wireless channels

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Dongxuan He, Zhi Cheng Zhang, Hao Li, Yingpei Huang, Zhaocheng Wang - Show less +1 more

01 Jul 2023-Digital Communications and Networks

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Inherent Error Generation of Frequency Domain Equalization for CDMA Downlink and Some Improvement

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Guoping Xu¹, Qun Wei¹, Jiao Wu¹, Xin Zhang¹, Dacheng Yang¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications¹

04 Dec 2007

TL;DR: A modification of overlap-cut method (OC method) frequency domain equalization (FDE) to reduce complexity in code division multiple access (CDMA) downlink systems is proposed and a better performance with lower computation burden than conventional algorithms is obtained.

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Abstract: In this paper, we propose a modification of overlap-cut method (OC method) frequency domain equalization (FDE) to reduce complexity in code division multiple access (CDMA) downlink systems. FDE based on fast Fourier transform/inverse fast Fourier transform (FFT/IFFT) carries out single-tap equalization on received signal, moreover, its complexity is much lower than its time-domain counterpart. The analysis for the generation and the distribution of the inherent error of OC method FDE indicates some improvement to the equalizer. As a result of both theoretical analysis and simulation, we obtain a better performance with lower computation burden than conventional algorithms.

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Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

...Then the Frequency Domain Equalization (FDE) for CDMA systems was proposed [3,4]....
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Blind channel shortening for zero-padded block transmission

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Tomoya Aizawa, Teruyuki Miyajima

29 May 2007

TL;DR: This document would like to discuss in detail the current state of the research into Frequency Domain EQualizer, and some of the technologies used in it.

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Abstract: ブロック伝送方式は複数のデータシンボルをまとめてブロック単位で伝送する方式で,マルチパス環境において大容量のデータを伝送可能であるといった特長を有し, 地上デジタルテレビジョン放送や無線LANをはじめとして多くの分野に適用されている.代表的なブロック伝送方式として,直交周波数分割多重 (OFDM:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 方式 [1] と, 周波数領域等化器 (FEQ:Frequency-domain EQualizer)を用いた SC–FDE (Single Carrier–FrequencyDomain Equalization)方式 [2]が挙げられる.ブロック伝送ではデータブロック間に十分な長さのガードインターバル (GI:Guard Interval)を挿入することで, マルチパス環境下における遅延波に起因するブロック間干渉 (IBI:Inter-Block Interference)を除去することができる [1].GIにはデータブロックの一部をコピーするサイクリックプレフィックス (CP:Cyclick

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Additional excerpts

...まえがきブロック伝送方式は複数のデータシンボルをまとめてブロック単位で伝送する方式で，マルチパス環境において大容量のデータを伝送可能であるといった特長を有し，地上デジタルテレビジョン放送や無線LANをはじめとして多くの分野に適用されている．代表的なブロック伝送方式として，直交周波数分割多重 (OFDM：Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 方式 [1] と，周波数領域等化器 (FEQ：Frequency-domain EQual- izer)を用いた SC–FDE (Single Carrier–FrequencyDomain Equalization)方式 [2]が挙げられる．ブロック伝送ではデータブロック間に十分な長さのガードインターバル (GI：Guard Interval)を挿入することで，マルチパス環境下における遅延波に起因するブロック間干渉 (IBI：Inter-Block Interference)を除去することができる [1]．GIにはデータブロックの一部をコピーするサイクリックプレフィックス (CP：Cyclick †茨城大学大学院理工学研究科システム工学専攻，日立市 Department of Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4–12–1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-shi, 316–8511 Japan ††茨城大学工学部システム工学科，日立市 Department of Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4–12–1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-shi, 316–8511 Japan a) E-mail: miyajima@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp Prefix)を挿入する場合と，ゼロを詰め込む場合がある [3]．ブロック伝送の問題点は，通信路のインパルス応答長が GI 長を超える場合，IBI による通信性能の劣化が起きてしまうことである．この問題を解決するために，様々な方法が検討されている [4]～[11]．干渉キャンセラ [4]と判定帰還型等化器 [5]は，判定結果に基づき干渉の推定と除去が可能だが，非線形性を有するため性能解析が困難である．アダプティブアレーアンテナ [6], [7] は，空間的に干渉を抑圧することが可能だが，複数のアンテナを配置するため受信機が大きくなる傾向がある．周波数領域等化 [8], [9]は，特別な時間領域の処理なしで干渉の影響を低減できるが，通信路の推定のために周波数利用効率の低下を招くトレーニング信号を必要とする．このように各手法は興味深い特徴をもつものの，決定的な手法が確立されているとはいいがたい．本論文では，別のアプローチである時間領域等化器 (TEQ：Time-domain EQualizer)を用いた通信路短縮 [10], [11]に着目する．通信路短縮は受信機に設置した線形フィルタである TEQを調節し，通信路とTEQからなる合成システムのインパルス応答長を短縮することで IBIを防ぐものである．線形システムであるため，解析が比較的容易であり，ブラインド信号処理により実装できる点が興味深い [12]．ブラインド通信路短縮はトレーニング信 726 電子情報通信学会論文誌 A Vol. J91–...
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...シングルキャリヤ変調方式は単一の搬送波を用いて通信を行うため送信信号の PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio)が大きくならないという利点があり,近年注目されている [2]....
[...]
...代表的なブロック伝送方式として,直交周波数分割多重 (OFDM:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 方式 [1] と, 周波数領域等化器 (FEQ:Frequency-domain EQualizer)を用いた SC–FDE (Single Carrier–FrequencyDomain Equalization)方式 [2]が挙げられる....
[...]

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References

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Book•

Adaptive Filter Theory

[...]

Simon Haykin

01 Jan 1986

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.

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Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

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16,062 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....
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...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Analysis and Simulation of a Digital Mobile Channel Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[...]

Jr. L.J. Cimini¹•Institutions (1)

Bell Labs¹

01 Jul 1985-IEEE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.

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Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

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2,627 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....
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...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....
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Book•

Adaptive filter theory (2nd ed.)

[...]

Simon Haykin¹•Institutions (1)

McMaster University¹

01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise

[...]

Thierry Pollet¹, M. Van Bladel¹, Marc Moeneclaey¹•Institutions (1)

Ghent University¹

01 Feb 1995-IEEE Transactions on Communications

TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.

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Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

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1,816 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.)

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D. Chu¹•Institutions (1)

Hewlett-Packard¹

01 Jul 1972-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.

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Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

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1,624 citations