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Journal Article•DOI•

Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems

David Falconer1, S.L. Ariyavisitakul, A. Benyamin-Seeyar2, B. Eidson3•
Carleton University1, Harris Corporation2, Conexant3
01 Apr 2002-IEEE Communications Magazine (IEEE)-Vol. 40, Iss: 4, pp 58-66
TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.

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Citations
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Proceedings Article•DOI•
Trellis-Based Receivers for SC-FDMA Transmission over MIMO ISI Channels

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Wolfgang H. Gerstacker1, Patrick Nickel1, F. Obernosterer1, Uyen Ly Dang1, P. Gunreben2, W. Koch •
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg1, NXP Semiconductors2
19 May 2008
TL;DR: A soft-output trellis-based equalizer is proposed, taking into account the cyclic ISI structure arising in SC-FDMA, which is especially suited for turbo-encoded transmission over channels with low- to-moderate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
Abstract: For the uplink of the E-UTRA long term evolution (LTE) system, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) transmission has been selected. Frequency-domain linear and decision-feedback equalizers have been already given in the literature for an SC-FDMA transmission over a multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) intersymbol interference (ISI) channel. In this paper, a soft-output trellis-based equalizer is proposed, taking into account the cyclic ISI structure arising in SC-FDMA, which is especially suited for turbo-encoded transmission over channels with low-to-moderate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). A preprocessing stage is necessary for the trellis- based equalizer consisting of a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) MIMO linear equalizer and a MIMO prediction-error filter, whose design is addressed. Simulation results for an LTE scenario demonstrate that the novel receiver yields significant gains compared to MMSE linear equalization in particular for square MIMO systems.

30 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...[12], inverse permutation yielding frequency–domain vectors for both user signals (E ), selection of the relevant frequency components ν ∈ {ν0, ....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Performance evaluation of cyclic prefix CDMA systems with frequency domain interference cancellation

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Faisal S. Al-kamali1, Moawad I. Dessouky2, B. M. Sallam2, F. E. Abd El-Samie2•
Ibb University1, Menoufia University2
01 Jan 2009-Digital Signal Processing
TL;DR: Simulation results show that the combination of PIC and FDE provides an efficient solution to suppress the MAI in downlink CDMA systems over frequency selective fading channels.

30 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...In some scenarios, when high data rate wireless CDMA networks are employed to support multimedia applications, as in the third or future generation systems, the channel multipath delay spread may exceed the symbol period, giving rise to the ISI [2]....

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  • ...In order to combat the MAI, the ICI, and the ISI, various receiver architectures have been proposed....

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  • ...Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Digital Signal Processing www.elsevier.com/locate/dsp Performance evaluation of cyclic prefix CDMA systems with frequency domain interference cancellation F.S. Al-kamali a,∗, M.I. Dessouky b, B.M. Sallam b, F.E. Abd El-Samie b a Department of Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen b Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Available online 24 July 2008 Keywords: Cyclic prefix Downlink CDMA Decision functions FDE FD-PIC Direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) systems transmitting over multipath channels suffer from intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI)....

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  • ...In addition, in frequency selective fading channels, the performance of the transmission deteriorates significantly due to the severe ISI....

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  • ...Suppressing the MAI, the ICI and the ISI will reduce the transmitted power required to meet the target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and enable more channels to be transmitted with a limited power....

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Patent•
Radio communication apparatus and radio communication method

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Takaaki Kishigami1, Yoichi Nakagawa1, Kentaro Miyano1•
Panasonic1
19 Mar 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a radio communication apparatus capable of alleviating a burden in setting a transmission format and suppressing increases in the scale of the apparatus is proposed, in which a space multiplexing adaptability detection section (108) detects space multiple-xing transmission adaptability for divided bands (DB-1 to DB-Nd) obtained by dividing a communication band to which Ns subcarrier signals belong in multicarrier transmission and to which a plurality of subcarriers signals belong, and outputs the detection results (#1 to #Nd).
Abstract: A radio communication apparatus capable of alleviating a burden in setting a transmission format and suppressing increases in the scale of the apparatus. In this apparatus, space multiplexing adaptability detection section (108) detects space multiplexing transmission adaptability for divided bands (DB-1 to DB-Nd) obtained by dividing a communication band to which Ns subcarrier signals belong in multicarrier transmission and to which a plurality of subcarrier signals belong, and outputs the detection results (#1 to #Nd). Transmission format setting section (110) sets a transmission format when carrying out radio transmission based on the detection results (#1 to #Nd) from space multiplexing adaptability detection section (108).

30 citations

Proceedings Article•DOI•
Iterative frequency-domain equalization for single-carrier systems in doubly-dispersive channels

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Philip Schniter1, Hong Liu1•
Ohio State University1
07 Nov 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new frequency domain equalization (FDE) method based on Doppler channel shortening, soft iterative interference cancellation and block decision feedback.
Abstract: Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) offers an attractive alternative to time-domain equalization in systems that communicate over large-delay-spread channels Traditionally, FDE leverages the fact that time-domain convolution is equivalent to frequency-domain multiplication and the fact that time/frequency conversion is efficiently handled by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) In doubly dispersive channels, ie, quickly varying large-delay-spread channels, the traditional FDE methods fail due to the time-varying property of the channel Here we present a new FDE that is based on Doppler channel shortening, soft iterative interference cancellation and block decision feedback Numerical simulations show that the proposed technique outperforms the well-known FIR-MMSE-DFE in both performance and complexity

30 citations

Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...FDE is the principle idea behind orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) [1] and single-carrier cyclicprefix (SCCP) modulation [2]....

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Proceedings Article•DOI•
Joint Frequency-Domain Equalization and Channel Estimation Using Superimposed Pilots

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Rui Dinis1, Chan-Tong Lam2, David Falconer2•
University of Lisbon1, Carleton University2
15 Apr 2008
TL;DR: The performance results show that the use of superimposed pilots, combined with the proposed receiver, allows performances close to the case with perfect channel estimation, even for severely time-dispersive channels.
Abstract: SC modulations (single-carrier) with FDE (frequency-domain equalization) are promising candidates for future broadband wireless systems. These modulations allow excellent performances in severely time-dispersive channels, provided that accurate channel estimates are available at the receiver. For this purpose, pilot symbols and/or training sequences are usually multiplexed with data symbols. Since this leads to overhead and some spectral degradation, the use of superimposed pilots (i.e., pilots added to data) was recently proposed. In this paper we consider SC-FDE systems where the channel estimation is based on superimposed pilots. Since the interference levels between data and pilots might be very high, we propose an iterative receiver with joint equalization and channel estimation. Our performance results show that the use of superimposed pilots, combined with the proposed receiver, allows performances close to the case with perfect channel estimation, even for severely time-dispersive channels.

30 citations

Cites methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."

  • ...Since the interference levels between data and pilots might be very high, we propose an iterative receiver with joint equalization and channel estimation....

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References
More filters
Book•
Adaptive Filter Theory

[...]

Simon Haykin
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.
Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

16,062 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....

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  • ...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Analysis and Simulation of a Digital Mobile Channel Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[...]

Jr. L.J. Cimini1•
Bell Labs1
01 Jul 1985-IEEE Transactions on Communications
TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.

2,627 citations

"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper

  • ...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....

    [...]

  • ...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....

    [...]

Book•
Adaptive filter theory (2nd ed.)

[...]

Simon Haykin1•
McMaster University1
01 Mar 1991

2,447 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise

[...]

Thierry Pollet1, M. Van Bladel1, Marc Moeneclaey1•
Ghent University1
01 Feb 1995-IEEE Transactions on Communications
TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.
Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >

1,816 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.)

[...]

D. Chu1•
Hewlett-Packard1
01 Jul 1972-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.
Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.

1,624 citations

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