Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems
TL;DR: This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions and discusses similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and presents examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Abstract: Broadband wireless access systems deployed in residential and business environments are likely to face hostile radio propagation environments, with multipath delay spread extending over tens or hundreds of bit intervals. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) is a recognized multicarrier solution to combat the effects of such multipath conditions. This article surveys frequency domain equalization (FDE) applied to single-carrier (SC) modulation solutions. SC radio modems with frequency domain equalization have similar performance, efficiency, and low signal processing complexity advantages as OFDM, and in addition are less sensitive than OFDM to RF impairments such as power amplifier nonlinearities. We discuss similarities and differences of SC and OFDM systems and coexistence possibilities, and present examples of SC-FDE performance capabilities.
Citations
More filters
06 Dec 2007
TL;DR: This paper introduces adaptive link control techniques for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with broadband single-carrier signaling, and evaluates the throughput performances of the ML-BICM ARQ and AC techniques using multidimensional field measurement data.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce adaptive link control techniques for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with broadband single-carrier signaling. Soft cancellation and minimum mean squared error turbo equalization is assumed, where matching between coding and equalization plays crucial roles to achieve high throughput. This paper uses multilevel coded bit-interleaved coded modulation (ML-BICM) with linear mapping as a core part of the transmission, on top of which this paper applies automatic repeat request (ARQ) with adaptive coding (AC) for link control. The reason behind the use of the linear mapping ML-BICM is the separability between the layers in the modulation format: This should bring us a significant benefit in designing the link control strategies because each layer has its own reliability, and the adaptive link control should be optimized based on the each layer's reliabilities. For ARQ with ML-BICM, we introduce layer-by-layer retransmission control, where turbo equalization and retransmission control can be performed independently over the layers because of the layer-separability. The layer-by-layer concept is then applied to AC with ML-BICM, where the code parameters such as code rate and generator polynomials are chosen so that after several iterations the mutual information between the transmitted and the soft-input soft-output decoder output information can reach a value very close to one while minimizing the rate loss due to the mismatch between the equalization and decoder. Extrinsic information transfer analysis is performed for the MIMO channel realization being given. The transmitter is notified of the selected codes for the each layer via the feedback channel, and uses the selected codes for the following transmission, assuming that the channel state information (CSI) stays the same at least over two consecutive frames. Finally, this paper evaluates the throughput performances of the ML-BICM ARQ and AC techniques using multidimensional field measurement data. The performance tendencies are correlated with propagation properties, obtained as results of the high-resolution channel analysis, such as spatial spreads at the transmitter and receiver sides.
20Â citations
Cites background or methods from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."
...The frequency domain reformulation of linear equalization as well as decision feedback equalization based on minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion has been derived and their performances presented in [6]....
[...]
...The other crucial event experienced recently by the single-carrier wireless communication research community is the reformulation of frequency domain equalization techniques [6], [7], where by using the CP-transmission for single-carrier signaling, the received signal is converted into the frequency domain, and the signal processing performed frame-by-frame....
[...]
04 Dec 2007
TL;DR: Novel Space-Time Coding and Mapping scheme and Space-Frequency Coded and Mapped scheme are proposed, which provides better PAPR property compared with other schemes and provide the capability of low-complexity frequency domain equalization and full space diversity.
Abstract: In this paper, for the frequency domain generation of SC-FDMA, i.e., DFT-SOFDMA, with the localized subcarrier mapping, we proposed novel Space-Time Coding and Mapping scheme and Space-Frequency Coding and Mapping scheme, which provides better PAPR property compared with other schemes. The new schemes also provide the capability of low-complexity frequency domain equalization and full space diversity. The low PAPR of the new schemes can be used to improve the power amplifier efficiency and/or enhance the cellular coverage, especially for the uplink of the future broadband wireless communication systems.
20Â citations
Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."
...SC-FDMA has been studied in a lot of literatures [1-4]....
[...]
01 Sep 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a frequency domain adaptive antenna array (FD-AAA) algorithm is proposed for the uplink detection in the broadband single-carrier multiple access system and shows a great superiority over the FD-RDC algorithm.
Abstract: In this paper, a frequency domain adaptive antenna array (FD-AAA) algorithm is proposed for the uplink detection in the broadband single-carrier multiple access system. By employing AAA in the frequency domain, the detector is able to suppress both the inter-chip interference (ICI) and the multiuser interference (MUI). Comparison between the proposed FD-AAA algorithm and the frequency domain receive diversity combining (FD-RDC) algorithm is made through simulation. It is shown that when there is no MUI, the bit error rate (BER) performances of the two algorithms are close to each other, i.e., the proposed algorithm can achieve the same frequency diversity gain and receive diversity gain as the FD-RDC algorithm does. However, with the existence of MUI, the proposed algorithm shows a great superiority over the FD-RDC algorithm.
20Â citations
Cites background from "Frequency domain equalization for s..."
...Recently, the combination of FDE and single-carrier (SC) multiple access [4] is considered as a more suitable solution for the uplink (from user to BS) transmission for its low peak to average power ratio (PAPR)....
[...]
21 Feb 2013
TL;DR: This paper presents SC-FDMA transmit and receive signaling architectures for multiuser communication on the downlink, and presents simulation results that establish the PAPR and BER performance advantage of SC- FDMA over OFDMA over SISO/MIMO downlink as well as in large-scaleMultiuser MISO downlink with tens to hundreds of antennas at the BS.
Abstract: Single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has become a popular alternative to orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in multiuser communication on the uplink. This is mainly due to the low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of SC-FDMA compared to that of OFDMA. Long-term evolution (LTE) uses SC-FDMA on the uplink to exploit this PAPR advantage to reduce transmit power amplifier backoff in user terminals. In this paper, we show that SC-FDMA can be beneficially used for multiuser communication on the downlink as well. We present SC-FDMA transmit and receive signaling architectures for multiuser communication on the downlink. The benefits of using SC-FDMA on the downlink are that SC-FDMA can achieve i) significantly better bit error rate (BER) performance at the user terminal compared to OFDMA, and ii) improved PAPR compared to OFDMA which reduces base station (BS) power amplifier backoff (making BSs more green). SC-FDMA receiver needs to do joint equalization, which can be carried out using low complexity equalization techniques. For this, we present a local neighborhood search based equalization algorithm for SC-FDMA. This algorithm is very attractive both in complexity as well as performance. We present simulation results that establish the PAPR and BER performance advantage of SC-FDMA over OFDMA in multiuser SISO/MIMO downlink as well as in large-scale multiuser MISO downlink with tens to hundreds of antennas at the BS.
20Â citations
18 Apr 2010
TL;DR: There is an optimum linear block precoding, but its advantage over DFT precoding (such as that used for the uplink signaling in the 3GPP-LTE standard) is rather small.
Abstract: Is there an optimum linear block precoding for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signals that significantly reduces their instantaneous power variance? We explore this question for linear block-precoded OFDMA signals with contiguous frequency mapping. We find that there is an optimum linear block precoding, but its advantage over DFT precoding (such as that used for the uplink signaling in the 3GPP-LTE standard) is rather small.
20Â citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a recursive least square adaptive filter (RLF) based on the Kalman filter, which is used as the unifying base for RLS Filters.
Abstract: Background and Overview. 1. Stochastic Processes and Models. 2. Wiener Filters. 3. Linear Prediction. 4. Method of Steepest Descent. 5. Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 6. Normalized Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. 7. Transform-Domain and Sub-Band Adaptive Filters. 8. Method of Least Squares. 9. Recursive Least-Square Adaptive Filters. 10. Kalman Filters as the Unifying Bases for RLS Filters. 11. Square-Root Adaptive Filters. 12. Order-Recursive Adaptive Filters. 13. Finite-Precision Effects. 14. Tracking of Time-Varying Systems. 15. Adaptive Filters Using Infinite-Duration Impulse Response Structures. 16. Blind Deconvolution. 17. Back-Propagation Learning. Epilogue. Appendix A. Complex Variables. Appendix B. Differentiation with Respect to a Vector. Appendix C. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Appendix D. Estimation Theory. Appendix E. Eigenanalysis. Appendix F. Rotations and Reflections. Appendix G. Complex Wishart Distribution. Glossary. Abbreviations. Principal Symbols. Bibliography. Index.
16,062Â citations
"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers methods in this paper
...Adaptation can be done with LMS (least mean square), RLS, or least squares minimization (LS) techniques, analogous to adaptation of time domain equalizers [Hay96], [Cla98]....
[...]
...Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the extra overhead of the cyclic prefix [Fer85], [Hay96]....
[...]
TL;DR: The analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel using the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of a technique for combating the effects of multipath propagation and cochannel interference on a narrow-band digital mobile channel. This system uses the discrete Fourier transform to orthogonally frequency multiplex many narrow subchannels, each signaling at a very low rate, into one high-rate channel. When this technique is used with pilot-based correction, the effects of flat Rayleigh fading can be reduced significantly. An improvement in signal-to-interference ratio of 6 dB can be obtained over the bursty Rayleigh channel. In addition, with each subchannel signaling at a low rate, this technique can provide added protection against delay spread. To enhance the behavior of the technique in a heavily frequency-selective environment, interpolated pilots are used. A frequency offset reference scheme is employed for the pilots to improve protection against cochannel interference.
2,627Â citations
"Frequency domain equalization for s..." refers background in this paper
...OFDM transmits multiple modulated subcarriers in parallel [ 1 ]....
[...]
...Several variations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have been proposed as effective anti-multipath techniques, primarily because of the favorable trade-off they offer between performance in severe multipath and signal processing complexity [ 1 ]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and the degradation of the bit error rate is evaluated.
Abstract: In this contribution the transmission of M-PSK and M-QAM modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered. The degradation of the bit error rate (BER), caused by the presence of carrier frequency offset and carrier phase noise is analytically evaluated. It is shown that for a given BER degradation, the values of the frequency offset and the linewidth of the carrier generator that are allowed for OFDM are orders of magnitude smaller than for single carrier systems carrying the same bit rate. >
1,816Â citations
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags.
Abstract: This correspondence describes the construction of complex codes of the form exp i \alpha_k whose discrete circular autocorrelations are zero for all nonzero lags. There is no restriction on code lengths.
1,624Â citations