Fresh Soy Oil Protects Against Vascular Changes in an Estrogen-Deficient Rat Model: An Electron Microscopy Study
01 Nov 2009-Clinics (Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo)-Vol. 64, Iss: 11, pp 1113-1119
TL;DR: Fresh soy oil offered protection in the estrogen-deficient state, as these rats had similar features to those of the NC group, and showed the deleterious effect of consuming repeatedly heated soy oil in castrated female rats.
About: This article is published in Clinics.The article was published on 2009-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 21 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Tunica intima.
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TL;DR: Evidence is mounting to support the concept that coconut may be beneficial in the treatment of obesity, dyslipidaemia, elevated LDL, insulin resistance and hypertension – these are the risk factors for CVD and type 2 diabetes, and also for AD.
Abstract: Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated to provide a large number of products, although it is mainly grown for its nutritional and medicinal values. Coconut oil, derived from the coconut fruit, has been recognised historically as containing high levels of saturated fat; however, closer scrutiny suggests that coconut should be regarded more favourably. Unlike most other dietary fats that are high in long-chain fatty acids, coconut oil comprises medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). MCFA are unique in that they are easily absorbed and metabolised by the liver, and can be converted to ketones. Ketone bodies are an important alternative energy source in the brain, and may be beneficial to people developing or already with memory impairment, as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Coconut is classified as a highly nutritious ‘functional food’. It is rich in dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals; however, notably, evidence is mounting to support the concept that coconut may be beneficial in the treatment of obesity, dyslipidaemia, elevated LDL, insulin resistance and hypertension ‐ these are the risk factors for CVD and type 2 diabetes, and also for AD. In addition, phenolic compounds and hormones (cytokinins) found in coconut may assist in preventing the aggregation of amyloid-b peptide, potentially inhibiting a key step in the pathogenesis of AD. The purpose of the present review was to explore the literature related to coconut, outlining the known mechanistic physiology, and to discuss the potential role of coconut supplementation as a therapeutic option in the prevention and management of AD.
149 citations
Cites background from "Fresh Soy Oil Protects Against Vasc..."
...This high level of PUFA of soya oil can improve the blood lipid profile status((26))....
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the effects of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on atherosclerosis induced by excessive administration of vitamin D and cholesterol in rats and study the mechanisms involved.
56 citations
TL;DR: An overview of classic and innovative small rodent models in atherosclerosis researches, including mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs, focusing on their lipoprotein metabolism and histopathological changes is provided.
46 citations
TL;DR: Repeatedly heated VCO caused an elevation in the blood pressure and this elevation was associated with a significant increase in the inflammatory bio-markers, TXB2 and a significant reduction in the plasma PGI2 level.
Abstract: Background : It is a common practice to heat cooking oil and reuse it in order to cut expenses. The use of repeatedly heated cooking oil predisposes to various cardiovascular diseases. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is reported to possess antioxidant action. Aim : The study aimed to determine the effect of heating of VCO on the blood pressure (BP) and inflammatory bio-markers. Methods : Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and were fed with the following diet for 24 weeks: normal rat chow (control); chow +fresh VCO (FVCO); chow + VCO heated once (1HVCO); chow +VCO heated five times (5HVCO) and chow + VCO heated ten times (10HVCO). BP was measured at baseline and four weekly for 24 weeks. Blood was collected at baseline and at the end of study to measure plasma TXB 2 , PGI 2 , VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and LDH enzyme activity. Results : BP increased significantly in the 5HVCO and 10HVCO groups compared to the control and FVCO groups. The 5HVCO and 10HVCO diet caused a significant increase in the plasma TXB2 and a significant decrease in the plasma PGI 2 level. The plasma levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and CRP were significantly increased in the 10HVCO group. Conclusion : Repeatedly heated VCO caused an elevation in the BP. The BP elevation was associated with a significant increase in the inflammatory bio-markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and CRP), TXB 2 and a significant reduction in the plasma PGI 2 level.
40 citations
Cites background from "Fresh Soy Oil Protects Against Vasc..."
...Previous study has shown that consumption of repeatedly heated soy oil was predisposed to atherosclerosis.(1) Inflammation and oxidative stress are attributed to the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis....
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...Considering the findings from previous studies, it is clear that consumption of repeatedly heated cooking oil is one of the risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases.(1,12,16,31) Our findings on repeatedly...
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...Both possess antioxidant properties that act as free radical scavengers.(1) Tocotrienols have greater antioxidant properties compared to the tocopherols....
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TL;DR: The blood pressure-raising effect of the heated vegetable cooking oils is associated with increased vascular reactivity and a reduction in nitric oxide levels, and the chronic consumption of heated vegetable oils leads to disturbances in endogenous vascular regulatory substances, such as Nitric oxide.
38 citations
Cites background from "Fresh Soy Oil Protects Against Vasc..."
...In addition, the consumption of heated oils has been reported to cause abnormal ultrastructural changes in the aorta.(30,31)...
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References
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TL;DR: The pathologic basis of disease is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of the granuloma with an Higgs–Cotran–Bouchut–Seiden ratio of 3:1.
Abstract: Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease / , Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
2,551 citations
TL;DR: The effects of dietary fats on total:HDL cholesterol may differ markedly from their effects on LDL, and the effects of fats on these risk markers should not in themselves be considered to reflect changes in risk but should be confirmed by prospective observational studies or clinical trials.
2,548 citations
"Fresh Soy Oil Protects Against Vasc..." refers background in this paper
...This high level of PUFA dietary intake can improve the blood lipid profile status.(7) In addition, with its high content of tocopherols, soy oil is known to exhibit various antioxidant actions against lipid peroxidation....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the role of chlorophyll as a photosensitizer for the formation of 1O2; however, carotenoids and tocopherols decrease the oxidation through 1O 2 quenching.
Abstract: : Edible oil is oxidized during processing and storage via autoxidation and photosensitized oxidation, in which triplet oxygen (3O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2) react with the oil, respectively. Autoxidation of oils requires radical forms of acylglycerols, whereas photosensitized oxidation does not require lipid radicals since 1O2 reacts directly with double bonds. Lipid hydroperoxides formed by 3O2 are conjugated dienes, whereas 1O2 produces both conjugated and nonconjugated dienes. The hydroperoxides are decomposed to produce off-flavor compounds and the oil quality decreases. Autoxidation of oil is accelerated by the presence of free fatty acids, mono- and diacylglycerols, metals such as iron, and thermally oxidized compounds. Chlorophylls and phenolic compounds decrease the autoxidation of oil in the dark, and carotenoids, tocopherols, and phospholipids demonstrate both antioxidant and prooxidant activity depending on the oil system. In photosensitized oxidation chlorophyll acts as a photosensitizer for the formation of 1O2; however, carotenoids and tocopherols decrease the oxidation through 1O2 quenching. Temperature, light, oxygen concentration, oil processing, and fatty acid composition also affect the oxidative stability of edible oil.
1,435 citations
"Fresh Soy Oil Protects Against Vasc..." refers background in this paper
...The hydrolysis produces free fatty acids, which subsequently oxidizes and generates peroxide and hydroperoxide compounds, and secondary lipid oxidation products, such as aldehydes, ketones and alcohols.(9,10) The consumption of these oxidation products has various adverse health effects, such as liver dysfunction, hypertension and renal damage....
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TL;DR: This Review will describe diseases in which estrogen plays a role in the development or severity of disease, through the ER, which serves as the basis for many therapeutic interventions.
Abstract: Estrogens influence many physiological processes in mammals, including but not limited to reproduction, cardiovascular health, bone integrity, cognition, and behavior. Given this widespread role for estrogen in human physiology, it is not surprising that estrogen is also implicated in the development or progression of numerous diseases, which include but are not limited to various types of cancer (breast, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, endometrial), osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, lupus erythematosus, endometriosis, and obesity. In many of these diseases, estrogen mediates its effects through the estrogen receptor (ER), which serves as the basis for many therapeutic interventions. This Review will describe diseases in which estrogen, through the ER, plays a role in the development or severity of disease.
1,259 citations
"Fresh Soy Oil Protects Against Vasc..." refers methods in this paper
...Estrogendeficient rats were used to simulate an estrogen-deficient state observed postmenopausal women who are more susceptible to developing cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.(15,16) In the present study, we observed the...
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Journal Article•
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1,182 citations