From Conceptualizing to Measuring HIV Stigma: A Review of HIV Stigma Mechanism Measures
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Cites background or methods from "From Conceptualizing to Measuring H..."
...Therefore, items for measures of internalized, anticipated, and enacted HIV stigma were adapted from previously validated scales [9, 24] according to the criteria specified by Earnshaw and Chaudoir [6]....
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...In the current study, we explored whether the HIV stigma mechanisms proposed by the HIV Stigma Framework [6] are differentially associated with indicators of health and well-being among PLWH....
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...Therefore, items for measures of internalized, anticipated, and enacted HIV stigma were adapted from previously validated scales [9, 24] according to the criteria specified by Earnshaw and Chaudoir [6]....
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...Earnshaw and Chaudoir [6] hypothesize that differentiating between these individual-level HIV stigma mechanisms within research is important to advance understandings of how HIV stigma impacts specific health and well-being outcomes among PLWH....
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...To address this limitation of the literature and bridge conceptualizations of HIV stigma at the structural and individual levels, Earnshaw and Chaudoir [6] proposed the HIV Stigma Framework....
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497 citations
Cites background from "From Conceptualizing to Measuring H..."
...However, the extent to which people who experience a high degree of anticipated stigma may be less likely to disclose their HIV status for fear of social exclusion is unknown.(7) 48 Consequently, as questions surrounding the complex relationship between HIV-related stigma, depression and social support still remain, conducting longitudinal studies and exploring the role of potential moderating factors is warranted....
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...stigma and social support, previous research indicates that disclosure of one’s HIV status to family, friends or healthcare professionals may be a stigmatising social process that can result in fear of rejection,(28) or isolation and exclusion by support networks.(7) 48 Research examining social support as moderating the relationship between HIV-related stigma and depression,(6) 74–76 points to the role of social support in buffering depression among people living with HIV....
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...In other words, for those living with HIV, the knowledge that their HIV status is a socially devalued aspect of themselves may be experienced in a variety of ways, ranging from actually being the object of prejudice and discrimination from others to holding negative beliefs and feelings about themselves.(7) Stigma may arise from misconceptions about HIV transmission and from judg-...
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454 citations
Cites background from "From Conceptualizing to Measuring H..."
...The majority of health-related stigma frameworks explore psychological pathways at the individual level, focusing either on the individuals experiencing stigma [10, 11, 14–16, 30, 31], those perpetuating stigma [21, 26], or both [20, 24, 32]....
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References
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