From organic waste to biodiesel: Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, makes it feasible

doi:10.1016/J.FUEL.2010.11.016

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From organic waste to biodiesel: Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, makes it feasible

Journal Article•DOI•

From organic waste to biodiesel: Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, makes it feasible

Qing Li¹, Longyu Zheng¹, Hao Cai¹, Erin Garza², Ziniu Yu¹, Shengde Zhou² - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

Huazhong Agricultural University¹, Northern Illinois University²

01 Apr 2011-Fuel (Elsevier)-Vol. 90, Iss: 4, pp 1545-1548

TL;DR: In this article, the larvae of a high fat containing insect, black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) (BSFL), was evaluated for biodiesel production, where the larvae were grown on organic wastes for 10 days and used for crude fat extraction by petroleum ether.

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About: This article is published in Fuel.The article was published on 2011-04-01. It has received 237 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biodiesel production & Biodiesel.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Potential of Insects as Food and Feed in Assuring Food Security

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Arnold van Huis¹•Institutions (1)

Wageningen University and Research Centre¹

14 Jan 2013-Annual Review of Entomology

TL;DR: With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future, and the development of costeffective, automated mass-rearing facilities that provide a reliable, stable, and safe product is needed.

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Abstract: With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in developing countries. They constitute quality food and feed, have high feed conversion ratios, and emit low levels of greenhouse gases. Some insect species can be grown on organic side streams, reducing environmental contamination and transforming waste into high-protein feed that can replace increasingly more expensive compound feed ingredients, such as fish meal. This requires the development of costeffective, automated mass-rearing facilities that provide a reliable, stable, and safe product. In the tropics, sustainable harvesting needs to be assured and rearing practices promoted, and in general, the food resource needs to be revalorized. In the Western world, consumer acceptability will relate to pricing, perceived environmental benefits, and the development of tasty insect-derived protein products.

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1,085 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Food waste generation and industrial uses: A review.

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Francesca Girotto¹, Luca Alibardi¹, Raffaello Cossu¹•Institutions (1)

University of Padua¹

01 Nov 2015-Waste Management

TL;DR: The present review aims to provide an overview of current debate on food waste definitions, generation and reduction strategies, and conversion technologies emerging from the biorefinery concept.

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505 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Review of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Animal Feed and Human Food

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Yu-Shiang Wang¹, Matan Shelomi¹•Institutions (1)

National Taiwan University¹

18 Oct 2017-Foods

TL;DR: The literature on the black soldier fly is reviewed, which is capable of efficiently converting a wide variety of organic materials, from food waste to manure, into insect biomass, and which could potentially be milled and converted into a textured protein with a strong flavor.

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Abstract: Food futurists accept that sustainability-minded humanity will increasingly incorporate insects as alternative protein. The most studied and easily reared species are not necessarily the most sustainable, acceptable, or delicious. Here, we review the literature on the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, which is capable of efficiently converting a wide variety of organic materials, from food waste to manure, into insect biomass. They can be grown and harvested without dedicated facilities and are not pestiferous. Their larvae are 42% crude protein and 29% fat, although they are higher in saturated fats than most insects. They do not concentrate pesticides or mycotoxins. They are already grown and recommended for use as animal feed, but with regional legal restrictions on how this is done. For commercial use in human foods, larvae could potentially be milled and converted into a textured protein with a strong flavor. Their biggest advantage over other insects is their ability to convert waste into food, generating value and closing nutrient loops as they reduce pollution and costs. This general advantage is also their greatest disadvantage, for the social stigmas and legal prohibitions against eating organisms that eat waste are added to extant taboos facing insect consumption.

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414 citations

Cites background from "From organic waste to biodiesel: Bl..."

...Black soldier flies are also known to reduce the mass and nutrient content of swine manure [56] at efficiencies similar to poultry manure [85,86], with benefits for improved farm hygiene, reduced pest fly populations, and reduced nutrient pollution in runoff [87]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The use of fly larvae for organic waste treatment.

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Helena Čičková¹, G. Larry Newton², R. Curt Lacy², Milan Kozánek¹•Institutions (2)

Slovak Academy of Sciences¹, University of Georgia²

01 Jan 2015-Waste Management

TL;DR: The major obstacles associated with the production of fly larvae from organic waste on an industrial scale seem to be technological aspects of scaling-up the production capacity, insufficient knowledge of fly biology necessary to produce large amounts of eggs, and current legislation.

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353 citations

Cites background or methods from "From organic waste to biodiesel: Bl..."

...Some advocate extraction of fat from the larvae (Diener et al., 2011b; Fasakin et al., 2003) to create a high-protein meal and suggest alternative use of the larval fat, e. g. for production of biodiesel (Li et al., 2011a)....
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...(Li et al., 2011b, 2012; Zheng et al., 2012)....
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...During the procedure, the fat is extracted from larvae by petroleum ether and modified by acid-catalyzed esterification of free fatty acids (to decrease the acidity of crude fat) and alkaline-catalyzed transesterification (Li et al., 2011a)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Nutritional value of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) and its suitability as animal feed – a review

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Karol B. Barragán-Fonseca¹, Karol B. Barragán-Fonseca², Marcel Dicke², J.J.A. van Loon²•Institutions (2)

National University of Colombia¹, Wageningen University and Research Centre²

29 May 2017

TL;DR: Although BSF larvae contain high protein levels, and other macro- and micronutrients important for animal feed, available studies suggest that it could only partially replace traditional feedstuff, because high or complete replacement resulted in reduced performance.

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Abstract: The black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L; Diptera: Stratiomyidae) has been studied for its capability to convert organic waste to high quality protein, control certain harmful bacteria and insect pests, provide potential chemical precursors to produce biodiesel and for its use as feed for a variety of animals Nutritional value of BSF larvae is discussed, as well as the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on both larval body composition and performance Although BSF larvae contain high protein levels (from 37 to 63% dry matter; DM), and other macro- and micronutrients important for animal feed, the available studies on including BSF larvae in feed rations for poultry, pigs and fish suggest that it could only partially replace traditional feedstuff, because high or complete replacement resulted in reduced performance This is due to factors such as high fat content (from 7 to 39% DM), ash (from 9 to 28% DM), and consequences of processing Therefore, further studies are needed on nutrient composit

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343 citations

Cites background from "From organic waste to biodiesel: Bl..."

...Fat content accounted for about 30% of the BSF larval biomass fed on manures, but chicken manure supported maximal larval growth and crude fat content (Li et al., 2011b) (Table 1)....
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...Thus, BSF larvae can convert dairy manure into biodiesel (Li et al., 2011c), and compared with oil crops, BSF has higher reproductive capacity and a shorter lifecycle....
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...BSF production requires less land than growing oil crops and may thereby alleviate conflicts between human food use and industrial use of crops (Li et al., 2011b,c)....
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...…1977 Chicken manure 40.1±2.5 3 27.9±8.3 3 Arango Gutiérrez et al., 2004; Li et al., 2011b; Sheppard et al., 1994 Swine manure 43.6; 43.2 2 26.4±7.6 4 Li et al., 2011b; Manzano-Agugliaro et al., 2012; Newton et al., 2005b; St-Hilaire et al., 2007b; Palm kernel meal 42.1; 45.8 2 27.5 1 Rachmawati…...
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...…have been found to contain 58- 72% saturated fatty acids and 19-40% mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids of total fat content (Kroeckel et al., 2012; Li et al., 2011c; Makkar et al., 2014; Surendra et al., 2016), containing high levels of lauric, palmitic and oleic acid (Surendra et al., 2016)....
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Biodiesel from microalgae.

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Yusuf Chisti¹•Institutions (1)

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01 May 2007-Biotechnology Advances

TL;DR: As demonstrated here, microalgae appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuels.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the status of fat and oil derived diesel fuels with respect to fuel properties, engine performance, and emissions is reviewed, and it is concluded that the price of the feedstock fat or oil is the major factor determining biodiesel price.

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1,869 citations

"From organic waste to biodiesel: Bl..." refers background in this paper

...Production cost is the main obstacle preventing biodiesel from being used as a primary fuel [9,10]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Biodiesel from algae: challenges and prospects

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Stuart A. Scott¹, Matthew P. Davey¹, J. S. Dennis¹, Irmtraud Horst¹, Christopher J. Howe¹, David J. Lea-Smith¹, Alison G. Smith¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

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01 Jun 2010-Current Opinion in Biotechnology

TL;DR: An overview of a potential algal biofuel pipeline is presented, and recent work that tackles optimization of algal biomass production and the content of fuel molecules within the algal cell is focused on.

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Perry Sadorsky¹•Institutions (1)

York University¹

01 May 2009-Energy Economics

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Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties.

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Mustafa Canakci¹, H. Sanli¹•Institutions (1)

Kocaeli University¹

13 Mar 2008-Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology

TL;DR: This review paper presents both biodiesel productions from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties as well as potential feedstocks for biodiesel production to lower the cost of biodiesel.

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Abstract: Biodiesel, which is a new, renewable and biological origin alternative diesel fuel, has been receiving more attention all over the world due to the energy needs and environmental consciousness Biodiesel is usually produced from food-grade vegetable oils using transesterification process Using food-grade vegetable oils is not economically feasible since they are more expensive than diesel fuel Therefore, it is said that the main obstacle for commercialization of biodiesel is its high cost Waste cooking oils, restaurant greases, soapstocks and animal fats are potential feedstocks for biodiesel production to lower the cost of biodiesel However, to produce fuel-grade biodiesel, the characteristics of feedstock are very important during the initial research and production stage since the fuel properties mainly depend on the feedstock properties This review paper presents both biodiesel productions from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties

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588 citations

"From organic waste to biodiesel: Bl..." refers background in this paper

...Cost analysis shows that 75% of biodiesel cost is derived from the feedstock, primarily crop-oil such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil [11]....
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